Statistical Study of the Effectiveness of Surface Application of Graphene Oxide as a Coating for Concrete Protection
Source abstract
Abstract
Improving the protection of concrete by applying graphene oxide (GO) as a surface treatment has become the objective of the present study. This study focuses on performing a statistical analysis to study different levels of GO application as an exterior coating, thus observing the effectiveness of the coating and the optimization of the treatment material for concrete protection. Four tests were performed to define concrete durability, such as pressurized water penetration, capillary absorption, freeze-thaw resistance and carbonation resistance. The results showed an increase in concrete durability with any level of GO application on the surface, considering that the optimum amount of application for water impermeability and freeze-thaw resistance is 26.2 µg/cm2, since it was possible to reduce pressurized water penetration by 45%, capillary water absorption by 57% and freeze-thaw detachment by 25%. However, the optimum application rate for carbonation resistance is 52.4 µg/cm2, reducing carbonation by almost 60%. In conclusion, if the concrete is going to be exposed to less aggressive environments, the application of a mild surface coating of GO is sufficient for its protection, and if the concrete is going to be exposed to more aggressive environments, it is necessary to increase the amount of GO. The performance of GO as a coating significantly increased the degree of protection of the concrete, increasing its service life and proving to be a promising treatment for concrete surface protection.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications · Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity · Graphene research and applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Engineering and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, University of Leon, Av. De Portugal 41, 24071 Leon, Spain
Department of Chemistry and Applied Physics, Industrial Engineering School, University of Leon, Vegazana Campus S/N, 24071 Leon, Spain
Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), Group of Carbon Nanostructures and Nanotechnology (G-CNN), C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
Funding
European Social Fund · Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) · Spanish Research Agency (AEI)
References (34)
Show source-provided references
1. Predictive models for deterioration of concrete structures10.1016/0950-0618(95)00092-5 ↗
2. Mitigation Possibilities of Concrete Pavement Degradation10.1088/1757-899X/1039/1/012018 ↗
3. Comparison between surface and bulk hydrophobic treatment against corrosion of galvanized reinforcing steel in concrete10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.03.011 ↗
4. Effectiveness of surface coatings in improving concrete durability10.1016/S0958-9465(02)00087-2 ↗
5. Early stage beneficial effects of cathodic protection in concrete structures10.1002/maco.201005803 ↗
6. Durability and mechanical properties of high strength concrete incorporating ultra fine Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.11.052 ↗
7. Hydrophobic treatment of concrete10.1016/S0950-0618(97)00046-9 ↗
8. Correlation between microstructure and corrosion behaviour of SnBi-graphene oxide composite coatings10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.07.060 ↗
9. External treatments for the preventive repair of existing constructions: A review10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.173 ↗
10. Use of Polymer/Organoclay Nanocomposite Surface Treatment as Water/Ion Barrier for Concrete10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2008)20:7(484) ↗
11. Preliminary attempt of hardened mortar sealing by colloidal nanosilica migration10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.05.040 ↗
12. Innovative application of silicon nanoparticles (SN): Improvement of the barrier effect in hardened Portland cement-based materials10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.11.054 ↗
13. Ethyl silicate for surface protection of concrete: Performance in comparison with other inorganic surface treatments10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.05.008 ↗
14. Ethyl silicate for surface treatment of concrete—Part I: Pozzolanic effect of ethyl silicate10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.12.003 ↗
15. In-situ reduction and deposition of Ag nanoparticles on black phosphorus nanosheets co-loaded with graphene oxide as a broad spectrum photocatalyst for enhanced photocatalytic performance10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.08.008 ↗
16. Zhang, C., Dai, X., Wang, Y., Sun, G., Li, P., Qu, L., Sui, Y., and Dou, Y. (2019). Preparation and Corrosion Resistance of ETEO Modified Graphene Oxide/Epoxy Resin Coating. Coatings, 9.10.3390/coatings9010046 ↗
17. Investigation of composite silane emulsion modified by in-situ functionalized graphene oxide for cement-based materials10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124662 ↗
18. Efficacy and mechanism of GO/IBTS coating against microbial fouling of concrete surfaces in marine tidal areas10.1007/s11998-021-00565-y ↗
19. Liu, X., Jie, H., Liu, R., Liu, Y., Li, T., and Lyu, K. (2021). Research on the Preparation and Anticorrosion Properties of EP/CeO2-GO Nanocomposite Coating. Polymers, 13.10.3390/polym13020183 ↗
20. Evaluation of corrosion inhibition capability of graphene modified epoxy coatings on reinforcing bars in concrete10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.126495 ↗
21. Graphene-based composite materials10.1038/nature04969 ↗
22. Graphene oxide for surface treatment of concrete: A novel method to protect concrete10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118229 ↗
23. Extraordinary Protective Efficacy of Graphene Oxide over the Stone-Based Cultural Heritage10.1002/admi.202101012 ↗
24. Graphene Oxide Sheets Chemically Cross-Linked by Polyallylamine10.1021/jp907613s ↗
25. (2011). Cement. Part 1: Composition, Specifications and Conformity Criteria for Common Cements. Standard No. EN 197-1.
26. (2014). Aggregates for Concrete. Standard No. CEN. EN 12620+A1.
27. (1992). Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures—Part 1-1: General Rules and Rules for Buildings. Standard No. UNE-EN 1992-1-1:2013.
28. Arredondo, F. (1968). Dosificación de Hormigones, Instituto Eduardo Torroja de la Construccion y del Cemento. [3rd ed.]. Series Manuales y Normas Del Instituto de Las Ciencias de La Construcción Eduardo Torroja.
29. (2020). Testing Hardened Concrete-Part 8: Depth of Water Penetration under Pressure. Standard No. EN 12390-8.
30. (2010). Test on Hardened Concrete. Part 6: Indirect Tensile Strength of Specimens. Standard No. UNE 12390-6.
31. (2008). Durability of Concrete. Test Methods. Determination of Water Absorption by Capillary Action of Hardened Concrete. Fagerlund Method. Standard No. UNE 83982.
32. (2008). Durability of Concrete. Test Methods. Conditioning of Concrete Specimens for Gas Permeability and Capillarity Tests. Standard No. UNE 83966.
33. (2004). Concrete Paving Flags-Requirements and Test Methods. Standard No. CEN. EN 1339.
34. (2019). Determination of the Carbonation Resistance of Concrete at Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Levels. Standard No. CEN. EN 12390-10.