Erosion Behavior of API X120 Steel: Effect of Particle Speed and Impact Angle
Source abstract
Abstract
The dry erosion behavior of API-X120 pipeline steel was investigated, under the erosive interaction of aluminum oxide particulates, in a range of speed (43–167 m·s−1) and impact angle (30°–90°). Erosion behavior is characterized by surface profile measurement, weight loss measurement, and surface morphology analysis by SEM/EDX. Optical profilometry revealed that the eroded area increased with elevating speed of particles while the penetration depth increased with the increases in impact angle as well as particle speed. Percent weight loss and normalized erosion rate indicated that the lower impact angles and higher speeds led to higher materials loss and erosion. SEM analyses on various combinations of impact angles and particle speeds demonstrated the predominant erosion mechanism under those specific conditions; attributed to the intensity of the resolved components of the momentum vector horizontal or normal to the target metal surface under those conditions.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Erosion and Abrasive Machining · High-Temperature Coating Behaviors · Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez 43721, Egypt
Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
Funding
Qatar National Research Fund
References (50)
Show source-provided references
1. Optimization problems in natural gas transportation systems: A state-of-the-art review10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.03.017 ↗
2. A mathematical model for planning transportation of multiple petroleum products in a multi-pipeline system10.1016/j.compchemeng.2009.11.014 ↗
3. Global Search Metaheuristics for planning transportation of multiple petroleum products in a multi-pipeline system10.1016/j.compchemeng.2011.10.003 ↗
4. Influence of internal pressure on the impact behavior of steel pipelines10.1115/1.2842215 ↗
5. Effect of internal pressure on tensile strain capacity of X80 pipeline10.1016/j.proeng.2011.04.241 ↗
6. Investigations of sand-water induced erosive wear of AISI 304L stainless steel pipes by pilot-scale and laboratory-scale testing10.1016/S0043-1648(03)00095-4 ↗
7. CO2 erosion-corrosion of pipeline steel (API X65) in oil and gas conditions—A systematic approach10.1016/j.wear.2009.07.023 ↗
8. Erosion-corrosion in oil and gas industry: A review
9. A comparative study of hydrogen induced cracking behavior in API 5L X60 and X70 pipeline steels10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.04.028 ↗
10. Effect of impact angle on the slurry erosion-corrosion of Stellite 6 and SS31610.1016/j.wear.2014.08.006 ↗
11. Influence of microstructure on the erosion and erosion-corrosion characteristics of 316 stainless steel10.1016/j.wear.2013.08.007 ↗
12. Slurry erosion studies on surface modified 13Cr-4Ni Steels: Effect of angle of impingement and particle size10.1007/s11665-007-9068-5 ↗
13. Effect of particle velocity and impact angle on the corrosion–erosion of AISI 304 and AISI 420 stainless steels10.1016/j.wear.2005.02.032 ↗
14. Solid particle erosion behaviour of 13Cr-4Ni and 21Cr-4Ni-N steels10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.12.053 ↗
15. Effect of impact angle on the slurry erosion-corrosion of 304L stainless steel10.1016/S0043-1648(00)00344-6 ↗
16. The role of passivating film in preventing slurry erosion-corrosion of austenitic stainless steel10.2355/isijinternational.31.168 ↗
17. The solid particle erosion behavior of steel as a function of microstructure10.1016/0043-1648(81)90177-0 ↗
18. Influence of microstructure on the erosion of plain carbon steels10.1016/0026-0800(81)90026-4 ↗
19. The effect of erodent particle characteristics on the erosion of metals10.1016/0043-1648(91)90263-T ↗
20. The interaction of particle and material behaviour in erosion processes10.1016/0043-1648(70)90171-7 ↗
21. A nanoindentation study on the micromechanical characteristics of API X100 pipeline steel10.1007/s12540-009-0373-4 ↗
22. The effects of thermo-mechanical control process on microstructures and mechanical properties of a commercial pipeline steel10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01904-9 ↗
23. Evaluation of the fracture toughness of X70 pipeline steel with ferrite-bainite microstructure10.1016/j.msea.2017.01.043 ↗
24. Investigate on the properties of X80 pipeline steel damaged by high temperature10.1016/j.proeng.2015.12.278 ↗
25. Okonkwo, P.C., Shakoor, R.A., Zagho, M.M., and Mohamed, A.M.A. (2016). Erosion behaviour of API X100 pipeline steel at various impact angles and particle speeds. Metals, 6.10.3390/met6100232 ↗
26. Fairchild, D.P., Macia, M.L., Bangaru, N.V., and Koo, J.Y. (2003, January 25–30). Girth welding development for X120 line pipe. Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Honolulu, HI, USA.
27. Plastic and damage behaviour of a high strength X100 pipeline steel: Experiments and modelling10.1016/j.ijpvp.2007.11.001 ↗
28. (2013). ASTM G76-13 Standard Test Method for Conducting Erosion Tests by Solid Particle Impingement Using Gas Jets, ASTM International.
29. Measurement of solid particle velocity in erosion wear10.1016/0043-1648(75)90154-4 ↗
30. Impact angle, particle energy and mass loss in erosion by dilute slurries10.1016/0043-1648(95)07120-2 ↗
31. A method for measuring particle velocity in thermal spraying10.1016/S0257-8972(09)90080-9 ↗
32. Erosion mechanisms of API X42 and AISI 1018 steel materials at normal impact angle
33. Influence of particle velocities and impact angles on the erosion mechanisms of AISI 1018 steel10.5185/amlett.2015.5645 ↗
34. Erosive wear performance of API X42 pipeline steel10.1016/j.engfailanal.2015.11.046 ↗
35. Abrasive waterjet cutting of polycrystalline diamond: A preliminary investigation10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2009.04.003 ↗
36. Mechanisms of material removal during erosion of a stainless steel10.1080/05698198308981490 ↗
37. Solid particle erosion of metals: The removal of surface material by spherical projectiles
38. Effect of impingement angle on slurry erosion behaviour and mechanisms of 1017 steel and high-chromium white cast iron10.1016/j.wear.2006.11.018 ↗
39. Particle erosion of ductile metals: A mechanism of material removal10.1016/0043-1648(74)90091-X ↗
40. Mechanical properties, sliding wear and solid particle erosion behaviors of plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering CrSiCN coating systems10.1016/j.wear.2014.11.008 ↗
41. A model for the erosion of metals by spherical particles at normal incidence10.1016/0043-1648(81)90347-1 ↗
42. Effect of impact angle and velocity on erosion of API X42 pipeline steel under high abrasive feed rate10.1016/j.wear.2014.01.005 ↗
43. Deformation of metal surfaces by the oblique impact of square plates10.1016/0020-7403(77)90015-7 ↗
44. Solid particle erosion on different metallic materials
45. An investigation into the role of adhesion in the rrosion of ductile metals10.1080/05698198108983025 ↗
46. Slurry erosion of pipeline steel: Effect of velocity and microstructure10.1115/1.4031599 ↗
47. Effect of microstructure on the erosion behavior of carbon steel10.1016/j.wear.2014.12.004 ↗
48. A new model for the erosion of metals at normal incidence10.1016/0043-1648(83)90266-1 ↗
49. The effect of inter-particle collisions in erosive streams on the distribution of energy flux incident to a flat surface10.1016/j.triboint.2004.04.011 ↗
50. Shirazi, S.A., and McLaury, B.S. (2000, January 11–15). Erosion modeling of elbows in multiphase flow. Proceedings of the 2000 ASME Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting, Boston, MA, USA.