The Impact of Thermal Treatment on the Structural, Optical and Electrochemical Characteristics of Tin Sulfide Films
Source abstract
Abstract
The development of eco-friendly, cost-effective, and naturally abundant electrode materials for supercapacitors is gaining critical importance in current energy storage research. This study focuses on the synthesis of tin sulfide (SnSx) films via the eco-friendly successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method, employing varying quantities of L-ascorbic acid (0.8 and 1.0 g) as a reducing agent. Tin sulfide films were deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates and subsequently annealed in an inert atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 200 to 400 °C, resulting in thin films of varying thicknesses (100–420 nm). The structural and compositional characteristics of the films were thoroughly analyzed using Raman spectroscopy to confirm the purity and spectroscopic signatures of the sulfides. Further characterization was performed to assess the films’ morphology (scanning electron microscopy, SEM), phase composition (X-ray diffraction, XRD), surface chemical states (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS), optical properties (UV–Vis spectroscopy), and electrical properties (Hall measurements). The gathered data were then used to evaluate the potential of tin sulfide films as electrode materials in supercapacitors, highlighting their suitability for sustainable energy storage applications.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films · Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties · 2D Materials and Applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu str. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko St. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the AS CR, v.v.i., Dolejskova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
References (48)
Show source-provided references
1. Effect of Ascorbic Acid on the Properties of Tin Sulfide Films for Supercapacitor Application10.1016/j.surfin.2021.101275 ↗
2. Elyas, A.A. (2022). Study of Sb Doped SnS Thin Film and Its Heterojunctions, Division of Energy and Systems Engineering.
3. Synthesis, Characterization, and Electronic Structure of Single-Crystal SnS, Sn2S3, and SnS210.1021/cm403046m ↗
4. Room Temperature Annealing of SnS2 Films with Electron Impulse Force
5. Thermal Decomposition of SnS2 and SnSe2: Novel Molecular-Beam Epitaxy Sources for Sulfur and Selenium10.1116/1.578184 ↗
6. Amorphous Bimetallic Sulfide Co9S8/SnS2 Used as a p-n Heterojunction to Achieve Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution10.1039/D3NJ02475J ↗
7. Fabrication of High Crystalline SnS and SnS2 Thin Films, and Their Switching Device Characteristics10.1088/1361-6528/aab3c1 ↗
8. Modal Analysis of Rock Forming Minerals: Contribution of XRD/Rietveld Analysis Compared to the Classic Point Counting Method10.3151/jact.19.395 ↗
9. Green Synthesis of Tin Sulfide Films for Potential Applications in Supercapacitors and the Effect of Annealing10.1016/j.scp.2023.101150 ↗
10. Revealing Anisotropy and Thickness Dependence of Raman Spectra for SnS Flakes10.1039/C7RA09430B ↗
11. SnS Nanoflake-Based Field Effect Transistor with an Anisotropic Gate Effect and a Polarization-Dependent Raman Response10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c03433 ↗
12. Revealing the Anisotropic Phonon Behaviours of Layered SnS by Angle/Temperature-Dependent Raman Spectroscopy10.1039/D2RA06470G ↗
13. UV Excited Enhanced Raman Scattering on Carbon-Doped SnS2 Nanoflowers10.1016/j.materresbull.2022.111757 ↗
14. Raman Study of Photoinduced Crystallization of SnS2 in As2S3:Sn Glasses10.1016/j.vibspec.2023.103583 ↗
15. Influence of S/Sn Ratio on Microstructural, Morphological and Optical Properties of Tin Monosulfide Thin Films10.1016/j.optmat.2022.112792 ↗
16. Effect of Working Pressure on the Properties of RF Sputtered SnS Thin Films and Photovoltaic Performance of SnS-Based Solar Cells10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154626 ↗
17. Phase Transformation and Sulfur Vacancy Modulation of 2D Layered Tin Sulfide Nanoplates as Highly Durable Anodes for Pseudocapacitive Lithium Storage10.1016/j.cej.2019.123722 ↗
18. Chemical Bath Deposition of Thin Nanocrystalline Tin(II) Sulfide Films with Thioacetamide10.1134/S1070427217010141 ↗
19. (2023, January 13). Data Compiled and Evaluated by Alexander V. Naumkin; Anna Kraut-Vass; Stephen W. Gaarenstroom; Cedric J. Powell NIST X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Database, Version 4.1, Available online: https://srdata.nist.gov/xps/.
20. Facile Synthesis of SnS and SnS 2 Nanosheets for FTO/SnS/SnS 2 /Pt Photocathode10.1021/acsaem.8b01414 ↗
21. Tin Sulfide Nanoparticles by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid10.1007/s10854-016-4639-6 ↗
22. Phase-Controlled Synthesis and Photocatalytic Properties of SnS, SnS 2 and SnS/SnS2 Heterostructure Nanocrystals10.1016/j.materresbull.2013.02.082 ↗
23. Evaluation of PH and Deposition Mechanisms Effect on Tin Sulfide Thin Films Deposited by Chemical Bath Deposition10.1016/j.spmi.2021.106831 ↗
24. Deposition of the Tin Sulfide Thin Films Using ALD and a Vacuum Annealing Process for Tuning the Phase Transition10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.162806 ↗
25. Phase Control of Two-Dimensional Tin Sulfide Compounds Deposited via Atomic Layer Deposition10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.155887 ↗
26. Growth and Characterization of Tin Disulfide (SnS2) Thin Film Deposited by Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) Technique10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.12.108 ↗
27. SILAR Deposition of Metal Oxide Nanostructured Films10.1002/smll.202101666 ↗
28. Effect of Microwave Irradiation on the Electrical and Optical Properties of SnO 2 Thin Films10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.01.074 ↗
29. Influence of Annealing on Characteristics of Tin Disulfide Thin Films by Vacuum Thermal Evaporation10.1016/j.tsf.2012.03.050 ↗
30. Tin Sulfide Thin Films by Spin Coating of Laser Ablated Nanocolloids for UV–Vis–NIR Photodetection10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128382 ↗
31. Possible Indirect to Direct Bandgap Transition in SnS 2 via Nickel Doping10.1016/j.chemphys.2019.02.014 ↗
32. Effect of Thermal Annealing on Nebulizer Spray Deposited Tin Sulfide Thin Films and Their Application in a Transparent Oxide/CdS/SnS Heterostructure10.1016/j.tsf.2018.09.014 ↗
33. Imaging Anisotropic Waveguide Exciton Polaritons in Tin Sulfide10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03833 ↗
34. Thin Films of P-SnS and n-Sn2S3 for Solar Cells Produced by Thermal Processing of Chemically Deposited SnS10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.162036 ↗
35. Phase-Controlled Synthesis of SnS2 and SnS Flakes and Photodetection Properties10.1088/1361-648X/ac6926 ↗
36. Tuning the Band-Gap and Enhancing the Trichloroethylene Photocatalytic Degradation Activities of Flower-like Ni-Doped SnS2/SnO2heterostructures by Partial Oxidation10.1016/j.jece.2022.107793 ↗
37. Green Synthesis of Tin Oxide Nanoparticles by Using Leaves Extract of Chromolaena Odorata: The Effect of Different Thermal Calcination Temperature to the Energy Band Gap10.1016/j.matpr.2021.09.117 ↗
38. Review—Recent Advances in Tin Oxide Nanomaterials as Electrochemical/Chemiresistive Sensors10.1149/1945-7111/abdee8 ↗
39. Raman Scattering, Electrical and Optical Properties of Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Thin Films with (200) and (301) Preferred Orientation10.1016/j.matchemphys.2014.08.055 ↗
40. Optical and Electronic Properties of Semiconducting Sn2S310.1063/1.4959104 ↗
41. Effect of Substrate Temperature on the Structural and Optical Properties of Radio Frequency Sputtered Tin Sulfide Thin Films for Solar Cell Application10.1016/j.tsf.2018.09.009 ↗
42. Thin Film Sn2S3 via Chemical Deposition and Controlled Heating –Its Prospects as a Solar Cell Absorber10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.144162 ↗
43. Band Gap Narrowing of SnS 2 Superstructures with Improved Hydrogen Production †10.1039/C5TA07283B ↗
44. Yu, J., Xu, C.-Y., Li, Y., Zhou, F., Chen, X.-S., Hu, P.-A., and Zhen, L. (2015). Ternary SnS 2-x Se x Alloys Nanosheets and Nanosheet Assemblies with Tunable Chemical Compositions and Band Gaps for Photodetector Applications OPEN. Sci. Rep., 5.10.1038/srep17109 ↗
45. Structural and Optoelectrical Properties of Single Phase SnS2thin Films at Various Substrate Temperatures by Spray Pyrolysis
46. Double-Layer and Pseudocapacitance Types of Electrochemical Capacitors and Their Applications to the Development of Hybrid Devices10.1007/s10008-003-0395-7 ↗
47. Simulating the Performance of a High-Efficiency SnS-Based Dual-Heterojunction Thin Film Solar Cell10.1364/OME.439629 ↗
48. Recent Progresses in Electrocatalysts for Water Electrolysis10.1007/s41918-018-0014-z ↗