Review of Preparation, Performance, and Application of Chromium-Carbide-Based Cermets
Source abstract
Abstract
Chromium-carbide-based cermets have been widely exploited for a number of applications, particularly in petroleum engineering, the metallurgical industry, and aerospace areas, due to their unique properties, such as high hardness and melting point, excellent oxidation, and wear resistance at elevated temperatures. However, the defects of the bulk Cr3C2-Ni cermets are their greater brittleness and lower strength at room temperature. In order to increase the strength and extend the service life of this material, researchers have carried out many explorations of the preparation technology and composition optimization. This paper reviewed the preparation process of bulk Cr3C2-Ni cermets. In addition, the influence of different elements’ addition on the microstructural, mechanical, and wear properties of the cermets were systematically reported. Furthermore, the industrial applications of Cr3C2-NiCr coatings and the prospects for their future development are also introduced.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced materials and composites · Advanced ceramic materials synthesis · Powder Metallurgy Techniques and Materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
Funding
the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China · the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. Abrasive-erosive wear of thermally sprayed coatings from experimental and commercial Cr3C2-Based Powders10.1007/s11666-017-0638-2 ↗
2. Erosion and corrosion behavior of shrouded plasma sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr coating10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125534 ↗
3. High-temperature erosive behavior of plasma sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr/cenosphere coating10.1007/s11665-018-3226-9 ↗
4. The electronic, mechanical properties and theoretical hardness of chromium carbides by first-principles calculations10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.02.009 ↗
5. Investigation on the interface characteristic between WC(001) and diamond(111) by first-principles calculation10.1016/j.diamond.2022.108864 ↗
6. Effect of WC Composition on the Microstructure and Surface Properties of Laser Directed Energy Deposited SS 316-WC Composites10.1007/s11665-021-05971-2 ↗
7. Effects of metal binder on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti(C, N)-based cermets10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.05.059 ↗
8. Effects of Ni/Co metal binder phase on mechanical properties of Ti(C, N)-based cermets10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.809-810.438 ↗
9. Effect of Ni3Al binder on microstructure and properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets
10. Atom-probe analysis of the binder phase in TiC-TiN-Mo2C-(Co/Ni) cermets10.1016/0263-4368(93)90060-S ↗
11. High temperature erosion-oxidation of Cr3C2-NiCr thermal spray coatings under simulated turbine conditions10.1016/j.corsci.2013.01.030 ↗
12. The role of microstructure in the high temperature oxidation mechanism of Cr3C2-NiCr composite coatings10.1016/j.corsci.2009.02.027 ↗
13. Investigations of cavitation erosion and wear resistance of cermet coatings manufactured by HVOF spraying10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.155071 ↗
14. Sinter-bonding behavior of Cr3C2 base cermets on steels
15. Effect of phosphorus additions on the sintering temperature and properties of chromium carbide-nickel alloys10.1007/BF00791842 ↗
16. Friction and wear of chromium-carbide-nickel alloys at temperatures of 20–1000 °C10.1007/BF00792456 ↗
17. Densification kinetics of chromium carbide and its alloys in hot pressing10.1007/BF00792517 ↗
18. Liquid-phase sintering and properties of Cr3C2/NiCr cermets10.1016/S0924-0136(97)00251-3 ↗
19. Erosion and abrasion of chromium carbide based cermets produced by different methods10.1016/j.wear.2006.12.027 ↗
20. Phase evolution, microstructure characteristics and properties of Cr3C2-Ni cermets prepared by reactive sintering10.1504/IJMPT.2011.037207 ↗
21. Tribological properties of hard alloys based on chromium carbide10.1023/A:1023990931958 ↗
22. Processing and tribological properties of chromium carbide based cermets. Processing of World Congress on Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials. USA
23. Impact wear of chromium carbide based cermets
24. Micromechanical properties and erosive wear performance of chromium carbide based cermets10.1016/j.wear.2008.12.104 ↗
25. Influence of molybdenum content and load on the tribological behaviors of in-situ Cr3C2-20wt.% Ni composites10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154180 ↗
26. High velocity oxygen fuel sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr coatings against Na2SO4 hot corrosion at different temperatures10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.06.135 ↗
27. Microstructure and wear properties of atmospheric plasma-sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr composite coatings10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127904 ↗
28. Pulsed laser remelting supersonic plasma sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr coatings for regulating microstructure, hardness and corrosion properties10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127258 ↗
29. Microstructural studies of composite (Cr3C2-NiCr) laser clads developed on preheated substrate T9110.1007/s12666-020-02150-0 ↗
30. Finite element modeling of fretting wear in anisotropic composite coatings: Application to HVOF Cr3C2-NiCr coating10.1016/j.triboint.2020.106765 ↗
31. Kevin, P.S., Tiwari, A., Seman, S., Mohamed, S.A.B., and Jayaganthan, R. (2020). Erosion-Corrosion protection due to Cr3C2-NiCr cermet coating on stainless steel. Coatings, 10.10.3390/coatings10111042 ↗
32. Jonda, E., Latka, L., and Pakiela, W. (2020). Microstructure and selected properties of Cr3C2-NiCr coatings obtained by HVOF on magnesium alloy substrates. Materials, 13.10.3390/ma13122775 ↗
33. High-temperature tribological behavior of Mo and BaF2 added Cr3C2-NiCr matrix composite10.1108/ILT-03-2019-0075 ↗
34. Tribological properties of atmospheric plasma sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr/20% nickel-coated graphite self-lubricating coatings10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.07.165 ↗
35. Microstructure and adhesion of Cr3C2-NiCr vacuum plasma sprayed coatings10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.04.017 ↗
36. Comparative study of Cr3C2-NiCr coatings obtained by HVOF and hard chromium coatings10.1016/j.corsci.2005.10.016 ↗
37. Influences of sand concentration and flow velocity on hydro-abrasive erosion behaviors of HVOF sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr and WC-Cr3C2-Ni coatings10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.10.003 ↗
38. The effect of carbide decomposition and carbon loss on the steady state composition of WC-Cr3C2-Ni composite coatings at 900 °C10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106634 ↗
39. Processing, microstructure, and physical properties of interpenetrating Al2O3/Ni composites10.1179/026708300101508748 ↗
40. Mechanical and physical properties of the Extruded TiC-Ni cermets10.2320/jinstmet1952.27.12_588 ↗
41. A systematic investigation of elastic moduli of WC-Co alloys10.1007/BF02900264 ↗
42. Effect of milling conditions on the synthesis of chromium carbides by mechanical alloying10.1016/S0925-8388(96)03010-1 ↗
43. Microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-pressed Al2O3/TiC ceramic composites with the additions of solid lubricants10.1016/j.ceramint.2004.05.009 ↗
44. Thermo-mechanical behaviors of epoxy resins reinforced with nano-Al2O3 particles10.1016/j.jiec.2011.11.140 ↗
45. Preparation of ultrafine TiC-Ni cermet powders by mechanical alloying10.1016/S0924-0136(00)00529-X ↗
46. Preparation of a highly toughened (Ti,W)C-20Ni cermet through in situ formation of solid solution and WC whiskers10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.11.031 ↗
47. Fracture and fracture of WC-Co composites10.1007/BF00708272 ↗
48. Synthesis and processing of nanostructured WC-Co materials10.1023/A:1016553426227 ↗
49. Microstructural characterization of nanocrystalline chromium carbides synthesized by high energy ball milling10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.10.041 ↗
50. Study of the coefficient of thermal expansion for steel Q23510.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.194-196.326 ↗
51. Predictive approach to thermodynamic properties of the metastable Cr3C carbide10.1007/BF00502416 ↗
52. The relative stabilities of Cr23C6, Cr7C3, and Cr3C2 and the phase relationships in ternary Cr-Mo-C system10.1007/BF02642548 ↗
53. Calculation and evaluation of the Gibbs energies of formation of Cr3C2, Cr7C3, and Cr23C610.1007/BF02643683 ↗
54. High temperature thermodynamic properties of the chromium carbides Cr7C3 and Cr3C2 determined using a galvanic cell technique10.1007/BF02657382 ↗
55. Theoretical study on the stability and mechanical property of Cr7C310.1016/j.physb.2007.12.012 ↗
56. Reactive carburizing sintering—A novel production method for high quality chromium carbide-nickel cermets10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2005.06.002 ↗
57. First-principles study on stability and mechanical properties of Cr7C310.1016/S1875-5372(15)60030-3 ↗
58. High pressure in-situ synthesis and physical properties of Cr3C2-Ni cermets10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.09.145 ↗
59. Sun, L., Ji, X., Zhao, L., Zhai, W., Xu, L., Dong, H., Liu, Y., and Peng, J. (2022). First principles investigation of binary chromium carbides Cr7C3, Cr3C2 and Cr23C6, electronic structures, mechanical properties and thermodynamic properties under pressure. Materials, 15.10.3390/ma15020558 ↗
60. Effect of WB addition on sinter ability Cr3C2-Ni cermets10.2497/jjspm.42.432 ↗
61. Synthesis and characterization of chromium carbides10.1016/S0169-4332(97)00228-6 ↗
62. Investigation of Al2O3/Cr3C2 composites prepared by pressureless sintering10.1016/S0272-8842(98)00014-5 ↗
63. Dynamic SIMS study of Cr3C2, Cr7C3 and Cr23C610.1016/S0169-4332(98)00246-3 ↗
64. Nanometric chromium/chrumium carbides multilayers for tribological application10.1016/S0257-8972(02)00634-5 ↗
65. The influence of sinter/HIP sintering on the properties of chromium carbide based cermets
66. Effect of temperature on the friction and wear behaviors of Cr3C2-20wt.%Ni cermets10.1088/2053-1591/ab3ff7 ↗
67. Influence of Ni content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of chromium carbide-nickel composites10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.12.114 ↗
68. Preparation and oxidation kinetics behavior of bulk Cr3C2-20wt%Ni cermets10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.10.245 ↗
69. Interface characterization and mechanical properties of Mo-added chromium carbide-nickel composite10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.07.184 ↗
70. Sun, L., Zhai, W., Dong, H., Wang, Y., and He, L. (2020). Improvement of high temperature wear behavior of in-situ Cr3C2-20wt.%Ni cermet by adding Mo. Crystals, 10.10.3390/cryst10080682 ↗
71. Influence of plasma spraying parameters on microstructure and corrosion resistance of Cr3C2-25NiCr cermet carbide coating10.1108/ACMM-09-2018-2003 ↗
72. Plasma sprayed Cr3C2-Ni-Cr coating for oxidation protection of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel10.1179/1743294414Y.0000000336 ↗
73. Microstructure and the high temperature friction and wear behavior of Cr3C2-NiCr coating on CuCo2Be alloy by plasma spraying
74. Friction and wear pproperties of plasma sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr/NiAl composite coating on CuCo2Be alloy at different temperatures
75. Quality control of NiCr-Cr3C2-hBN@Ni coating on thin-walled GH4169 alloy surface prepared by plasma spraying10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.174523 ↗
76. Structure and electrochemical behavior of atmospheric plasma sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr cermet composite coatings10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2023.106105 ↗
77. Structural characteristics and wear, oxidation, hot corrosion behaviors of HVOF sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr hardmetal coatings10.1016/j.surfcoat.2023.129319 ↗
78. Effect of HVOF processing parameters on Cr3C2-NiCr hard coatings deposited on AISI 4140 steel
79. Influence of processing condition and post-spray heat treatment on the tribological performance of high velocity air-fuel sprayed Cr3C2-25NiCr coatings10.1016/j.surfcoat.2023.129498 ↗
80. The role of microstructure in the mechanism of high velocity erosion of Cr3C2-NiCr thermal spray coatings: Part 1—As-sprayed coatings10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.10.005 ↗
81. The role of microstructure in the mechanism of high velocity erosion of Cr3C2-NiCr thermal spray coatings: Part 2—Heat treated coatings10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.10.013 ↗
82. Research on the high temperature oxidation mechanism of Cr3C2-NiCrCoMo coating for surface remanufacturing10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.12.049 ↗
83. High temperature oxidation behavior and interface diffusion of Cr3C2-NiCrCoMo/nano-CeO2 composite coatings10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.164177 ↗
84. Interaction mechanisms and high-temperature erosion-oxidation performance of Cr3C2-NiCrCoMo/nano-TiC coatings10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.03.121 ↗
85. Effects of hBN content and particle size on microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of NiCr-Cr3C2-hBN coatings10.1016/j.surfcoat.2023.130330 ↗
86. Zhai, W.Y., Nan, J.J., Sun, L., Wang, Y.R., and Wang, S.Q. (2023). Preparation, microstructure, and interface quality of Cr3C2-NiCr cladding layer on the surface of Q235 steel. Coatings, 13.10.3390/coatings13040676 ↗
87. Mieczyslaw, S., Wojciech, Z., Katarzyna, S.S., and Anna, G. (2021). Influence of laser treatment on the corrosion resistance of Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr) cermet coating. Materials, 14.10.3390/ma14154078 ↗
88. Microstructure and thermal physical parameters of Ni60-Cr3C2 composite coating by laser cladding10.1007/s11595-010-0136-6 ↗
89. Microstructure and wear-resistant properties of NiCr-Cr3C2 coating with Ni45 transition layer produced by laser cladding10.1007/s12598-015-0492-7 ↗
90. Microstructure and phase evolution in laser clad chromium carbide-NiCrMoNb10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.09.260 ↗
91. Influence of Cr addition on the interface purification of vacuum brazed NiCr-Cr3C2 coatings on single crystal superalloy10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.06.054 ↗
92. The effect of laser scanning speed on microstructure and performance of Cr3C2-NiCr cermet fabricated by in-situ laser cladding
93. Effects of NiCr intermediate layer on microstructure and tribological property of laser cladding Cr3C2 reinforced Ni60A-Ag composite coating on copper alloy10.1016/j.optlastec.2021.106963 ↗
94. Effects of laser power on friction–wear performances of laser thermal sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr composite coatings at elevated temperatures10.1016/j.optlastec.2019.04.022 ↗
95. Ultra-high performance of DLC-coated Si3N4 rings for mechanical seals10.1016/j.wear.2008.01.007 ↗
96. Increasing of durability of mechanical seals of oil and gas centrifugal pumps using tungsten-free cermet with Cu-Ni-Mn binder10.1088/1742-6596/1741/1/012031 ↗
97. Microstructure and wear behaviors of laser clad NiCr/Cr3C2-WS2 high temperature self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.12.021 ↗
98. Zhou, Z., Duan, D., Li, S., Sun, D., Yong, J., Jiang, Y., He, W., and Xu, J. (2023). Microstructure and high-temperature properties of Cr3C2-25NiCr nanoceramic coatings prepared by HVAF. Coatings, 13.10.3390/coatings13101741 ↗
99. Engineering HVOF-Sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr Coatings: The Effect of Particle Morphology and Spraying Parameters on the Microstructure, Properties, and High Temperature Wear Performance10.1007/s11666-012-9833-3 ↗
100. Enhancement of thermal stability and high-temperature oxidation resistance of chromium oxide-based films by addition of rare earth element Y10.1016/j.jmst.2023.11.034 ↗