Design of Tool Wear Monitoring System in Bone Material Drilling Process

Biological bone materials, complex and anisotropic, require precise machining in surgeries. Bone drilling, a key technique, is susceptible to increased friction from tool wear, leading to excessive forces and high temperatures that can damage bone and surrounding tissues, affecting recovery. This study develops a monitoring platform to assess tool wear during bone drilling, employing an experimental setup that gathers triaxial force and vibration data. A recognition model using a bidirectional long short-term memory network (BI-LSTM) with a multi-head attention mechanism identified wear levels. This model, termed ABI-LSTM, was optimized and benchmarked against SVR, RNN, and CNN models. The results from implementing the ABI-LSTM-based monitoring system demonstrated its efficacy in detecting tool wear, thereby potentially reducing surgical risks such as osteonecrosis and drill breakage, and enhancing surgical outcomes.