Influence of Fluorine and Nitrogen Co-Doping on the Structural and Morphological Properties of Sol-Gel ZnO Films
Source abstract
Abstract
The structural, vibrational, optical and morphological properties of ZnO:N:F films, obtained by the sol-gel method, were investigated. The effect of single (fluorine, nitrogen) and F, N co-doping and thermal treatments (300–600 °C) on the properties of ZnO films was analyzed. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) revealed that ZnO:N:F films crystallized in a polycrystalline wurtzite structure. F and N incorporation changed lattice parameters, crystallite sizes, texture coefficients (TC) and residual stress. TC (002) of ZnO:N:F films increased with annealing, reaching 1.94 at 600 °C lower than the TC (002) of ZnO and ZnO:N films. The shifting of the characteristic absorption bands and/or the appearance of new IR lines were detected for ZnO:N:F samples. The highest transmittance (90.98%) in the visible spectral region was found for ZnO:F films. ZnO:N:F films possessed optical transparency up to 88.18% and their transmittance decreased at the higher annealings. The optical band gap (Eg) values of ZnO:N:F films were changed with fluorine and nitrogen concentrations. The formation of the wrinkle-like structures on the surface of ZnO and ZnO:N films was depicted in Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) images. The F, N dual doping modified ZnO morphology and suppressed wrinkle formation.
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Research context
OpenAlex topics: ZnO doping and properties · Ga2O3 and related materials · Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Central Laboratory of Solar Energy and New Energy Sources, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
GREENMAT, Institute of Chemistry B6, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
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