journal article·2024-03-20Open access

Mechanical and Tribological Properties of CrWN/MoN Nano-Multilayer Coatings Deposited by Cathodic Arc Ion Plating

Canxin Tian, Yanxiong Xiang, Changwei Zou, Yunjiang Yu, Tushagu Abudouwufu, Bing Yang, Dejun Fu

Coatings· Volume 14· Issue 3

Abstract

CrWN/MoN nano-multilayer coatings were deposited in pure N2 by multi-arc ion plating using CrW and Mo targets, with the cathode co-controlled by a permanent magnet combined with an electromagnet. The effects of the thickness modulation period on the microstructure and mechanical and tribological performance were systematically analyzed by grazing-incident X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Nanoindentation, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and profilometry using a Talysurf profilometer. The local coherent interfaces and nanoscale modulation period were confirmed by TEM, while the coatings were confirmed to be composed of fcc-CrWN and hexagonal δ-MoN by GIXRD. With the increase in the modulation period, the hardness of the CrWN/MoN nano-multilayer coatings decreased, and the values of the H/E ratio and friction coefficient showed the same variation trend. At an 8.0 nm modulation period, the CrWN/MoN nano-multilayer coating showed the maximum hardness (30.2 GPa), the lowest H/E value (0.082) and an H3/E*2 value of 0.16. With the decrease in the modulation period, the average friction coefficient of the CrWN/MoN nano-multilayer coatings gradually decreased from 0.45 to 0.29, while the wear rate decreased from 4.2 × 10−7 mm3/Nm to 3.3 × 10−7 mm3/Nm.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Metal and Thin Film Mechanics · Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research · Advanced materials and composites

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

School of Physical Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China

School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China

Zhuhai Tsinghua University Research Institute Innovation Center, Zhuhai 519000, China

School of Power & Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China

Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan Hitech Zone, Shenzhen 518057, China

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China · China Postdoctoral Science Foundation · Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province · Science and Technology Planning Project of Shenzhen Municipality · Science and Technology Project of Zhanjiang · Lingnan Normal University Scientific Research Project

References (65)

Show source-provided references
1. Evaluation on wear behavior of Cr–Ag–N and Cr–W–N PVD nanocomposite coatings using two different types of tribometer10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.04.066 ↗
2. Improving the mechanical, tribological, and electrochemical behavior of AISI 304 stainless steel by applying CrN single layer and Cr/CrN multilayer coatings10.1016/j.wear.2022.204425 ↗
3. From Alloying to Nanocomposites—Improved Performance of Hard Coatings10.1002/(SICI)1527-2648(200005)2:5<247::AID-ADEM247>3.0.CO;2-U ↗
4. Cr1−xAlxN coatings deposited by lateral rotating cathode arc for high speed machining applications10.1016/j.tsf.2007.05.019 ↗
5. Oxidation tuning in AlCrN coatings10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.09.089 ↗
6. Structure and properties of CrSiN nanocomposite coatings deposited by hybrid modulated pulsed power and pulsed dc magnetron sputtering10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.11.053 ↗
7. Improved hardness of semi-coherent TiN/CrN nano-multilayer coating through manipulation of structure evolution10.1016/j.msea.2023.145728 ↗
8. Structure and thermal properties of TiAlN/CrN multilayered coatings with various modulation ratios10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.07.055 ↗
9. Review of multicomponent and multilayer coatings for tribological applications10.1016/0043-1648(93)90376-W ↗
10. Modulation effect on mechanical properties of nanolayered MoN/MoSiN coatings10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.128278 ↗
11. Hall-Petch relations for multilayered materials10.1016/0965-9773(95)00250-I ↗
12. Reactive sputter deposition of polycrystalline nitride and oxide superlattice coatings10.1016/S0257-8972(96)02977-5 ↗
13. Helmersson Growth, Structural Charaterization and Properties of Hard and Wear-protective Layered Materials10.1016/0040-6090(90)90235-6 ↗
14. Effect of the modulation ratio on the interface structure of TiAlN/TiN and TiAlN/ZrN multilayers: First-principles and experimental investigations10.1016/j.actamat.2017.03.053 ↗
15. Growth of single-crystal TiN/VN strained-layer superlattices with extremely high mechanical hardness10.1063/1.339770 ↗
16. Analysis of interfacial strengthening from composite hardness of TiN/VN and TiN/NbN multilayer hard coatings10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.01.011 ↗
17. Electronic structure and mechanical properties of hard coatings from the chromium–tungsten nitride system
18. Tungsten doped chromium nitride coatings10.1016/j.tsf.2007.10.007 ↗
19. Processing of chromium tungsten nitride hard coatings for glass molding10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.01.064 ↗
20. Effect of nitrogen partial pressure on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mo-Cu-V-N composite coatings deposited by HIPIMS10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.08.041 ↗
21. Syntheses and mechanical properties of Mo–Si–N coatings by a hybrid coating system10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.08.048 ↗
22. Self-lubricating TiN/MoN and TiAlN/MoN nano-multilayer coatings for drilling of austenitic stainless steel10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.08.136 ↗
23. Multilayer design of CrN/MoN protective coatings for enhanced hardness and toughness10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.07.010 ↗
24. Superhard CrN/MoN coatings with multilayer architecture10.1016/j.matdes.2018.05.001 ↗
25. Multilayered ZrN/CrN coatings with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.10.342 ↗
26. Manufacture, microstructure and mechanical properties of CrWN and CrN/WN nanolayered coatings10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.08.039 ↗
27. Corrosion and wear behaviors of PVD CrN and CrSiN coatings in seawater10.1016/S1003-6326(16)64104-3 ↗
28. The properties of molybdenum nitride coatings obtained by cathodic arc evaporation10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.09.005 ↗
29. Nano-multilayered coatings of (TiAlSiY)N/MeN (Me=Mo, Cr and Zr): Influence of composition of the alternating layer on their structural and mechanical properties10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.07.090 ↗
30. Modeling Arc in Transverse Magnetic Field by Using Minimum Principle10.1109/TPS.2016.2616099 ↗
31. Review of Cathodic Arc Deposition for Preparing Droplet-Free Thin Films10.1109/TPS.2007.897907 ↗
32. Composition, structure and properties of Mo-N coatings formed by the method of vacuum-arc plasma-assisted deposition10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127153 ↗
33. Elemental distributions and substrate rotation in industrial TiAlN/VN superlattice hard PVD coatings10.1016/j.surfcoat.2003.09.060 ↗
34. Recent advances in hard, tough, and low friction nanocomposite coatings10.1016/S1007-0214(05)70135-8 ↗
35. Formation of cubic-AIN in TiN/AIN superlattice10.1016/S0257-8972(96)03033-2 ↗
36. Effect of superlattice layer elastic moduli on hardness10.1063/1.110922 ↗
37. Influence of modulation period and modulation ratio on structure and mechanical properties of TiBN/CrN coatings deposited by multi-arc ion plating10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.06.076 ↗
38. Synthesis of monolayer MoNx and nanomultilayer CrN/Mo2N coatings using arc ion plating10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.03.014 ↗
39. Influence of N2 pressure on the microstructure and properties of CrWN coatings
40. Enhancing wear resistance of TiN coating by gradient bias voltage and arc-enhanced glow discharge10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.01.010 ↗
41. Influence of Nb addition on the structure, composition and properties of single-layered ZrN-based coatings obtained by vacuum-arc deposition method10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125555 ↗
42. Microstructural design of hard coatings10.1016/j.pmatsci.2006.02.002 ↗
43. Concepts for the design of advanced nanoscale PVD multilayer protective thin films10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.08.133 ↗
44. Effect of Modulation Period and N+Beam Bombarding Energy on the growth of Nanoscale ZrB2/AlN Multilayered Coatings Prepared by IBAD10.1016/j.phpro.2011.06.074 ↗
45. Influence of TiN and ZrN insertion layers on the microstructure, mechanical and thermal properties of Cr–Al–N coatings10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.11.033 ↗
46. Growth and thermal stability of TiN/ZrAlN: Effect of internal interfaces10.1016/j.actamat.2016.07.006 ↗
47. Pogrebnjak, A., Smyrnova, K., and Bondar, O. (2019). Nanocomposite Multilayer Binary Nitride Coatings Based on Transition and Refractory Metals: Structure and Properties. Coatings, 9.10.3390/coatings9030155 ↗
48. Mechanical and tribological properties of CrN/TiN superlattice coatings deposited by a combination of arc-free deep oscillation magnetron sputtering with pulsed dc magnetron sputtering10.1016/j.tsf.2015.09.067 ↗
49. Endurance of TiAlSiN coatings: Effect of Si and bias on wear and adhesion10.1016/j.wear.2011.01.009 ↗
50. Effect of modulation structure on the microstructural and mechanical properties of TiAlSiN/CrN thin films prepared by high power impulse magnetron sputtering10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.11.069 ↗
51. Toughness of hard nanostructured ceramic thin films10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.07.020 ↗
52. Effects of modulation period on microstructure, mechanical properties of TiBN/TiN nanomultilayered films deposited by multi arc ion plating10.1016/j.vacuum.2016.01.007 ↗
53. Comparative study on the load carrying capacities of DLC, GLC and CrN coatings under sliding-friction condition in different environments10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.04.065 ↗
54. Effect of Cr/CrNx transition layer on mechanical properties of CrN coatings deposited on plasma nitrided austenitic stainless steel10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.03.068 ↗
55. Microstructure, wear and oxidation resistance of CrWN glass molding coatings synthesized by plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering10.1016/j.vacuum.2020.109206 ↗
56. Comparative studies on microstructure and mechanical properties of CrN, Cr–C–N and Cr–Mo–N coatings10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.11.090 ↗
57. Binary and ternary lubricious oxides for high temperature tribological applications: A review10.1016/j.rsurfi.2023.100117 ↗
58. On the significance of the H/E ratio in wear control: A nanocomposite coating approach to optimised tribological behaviour10.1016/S0043-1648(00)00488-9 ↗
59. Contact and Rubbing of Flat Surfaces10.1063/1.1721448 ↗
60. Hutchings, I.M. (1992). Tribology: Friction and Wear of Engineering Materials, CRC. Materials Research Society symposium proceedings.10.1016/0261-3069(92)90241-9 ↗
61. Scratch adhesion and tribological behaviour of graded Cr/CrN/CrTiN coatings synthesized by closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering10.1016/j.wear.2017.03.020 ↗
62. Hard nanocomposite coatings: Thermal stability, oxidation resistance and toughness10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.05.073 ↗
63. Relationship between mechanical properties of thin nitride-based films and their behaviour in nano-scratch tests10.1016/j.triboint.2010.12.002 ↗
64. Effects of the ratio of hardness to Young’s modulus on the friction and wear behavior of bilayer coatings10.1063/1.1811377 ↗
65. Low humidity-sensitivity of MoS2/Pb nanocomposite coatings10.1016/j.wear.2015.12.008 ↗