A Computational Study of Particle Mass Transport during Melting of NePCM in a Square Cavity with a Single Adiabatic Side

Nanostructured phase change materials (NePCM) are phase change materials that contain different types and sizes of colloidal I removed the word sizes particles. Many investigations in the literature assess those type of phase change materials to investigate their thermal performance. However, there is a discrepancy between the experimental observations and numerical results of the melting process of the NePCM because most numerical models do not count for the mass transfer of the particles. In the current work, we will investigate the melting process of NePCM that consists of copper nanoparticles suspended in water for the geometry of a square cavity, heated from the two sides, cooled from one side, and the remaining side is thermally insulated. Our numerical model will account for the mass transfer of the particles using a one-fluid mixture and the enthalpy porosity model for accounting for the phase change process. We found that adding the particles will lead to the deceleration of the melting process, as described by the experiments, because of the reduction of the convection intensity. We found that for NePCM suspension containing 10% of nanoparticles by mass, the deceleration of melting will be about 2.2% compared to pure water. Most of the particles are convected away by the flow cells toward the bottom side of the cavity, especially near the isolated right side of the cavity. Our findings indicate that incorporating mass transport of particles leads to a significantly improved prediction of the melting behavior of the NePCM.