Macroscopic and Microstructural Features of Metal Thin-Wall Fabricated by Laser Material Deposition: A Review
Source abstract
Abstract
Owing to the versatility without expanding the machine’s size, thin-wall has been widely used in high-value parts. The investigation of laser additive manufacturing (LAM), which has advantages such as high powder density, easy controllability, and excellent stability, on the fabrication of thin-wall has drawn much attention. In this paper, the research status of macroscopic and microstructural features of metal thin-wall fabricated by LAM has been reviewed. The deposition quality was mainly focused on the effect of process parameters and especially the matching of z-increment and single deposition height. Based on the grain size and growth of columnar, the characteristics of microstructures were analyzed. Considering the structural feature of thin-wall, the effect of grain size and phases on the hardness and distribution of hardness were discussed. The effect of grain size, phases and loading direction on the tensile properties were reviewed. The distribution and modification of thermal stress were presented.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes · Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies · High Entropy Alloys Studies
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China
Funding
Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province · Liaoning Department of Education Scientific Research Foundation · Scientific and technological research program of China National Railway Group Limited
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. Direct fabrication of thin-wall parts by laser cladding10.1016/S1526-6125(06)70096-2 ↗
2. Influences of deposition strategies and oblique angle on properties of AISI316L stainless steel oblique thin-walled part by direct laser fabrication10.1016/j.optlastec.2016.01.002 ↗
3. Microstructure and properties of Ti/Al lightweight graded material by direct laser deposition10.1080/02670836.2017.1412042 ↗
4. Sub-Regional Process Planning for Large Nuclear Power Head
5. Additive manufacturing of metals10.1016/j.actamat.2016.07.019 ↗
6. Additive manufacturing and its societal impact: A literature review10.1007/s00170-012-4558-5 ↗
7. Effect of layer thickness setting on deposition characteristics in direct energy deposition (DED) process10.1016/j.optlastec.2016.07.001 ↗
8. An overview of Direct Laser Deposition for additive manufacturing; Part I: Transport phenomena, modeling and diagnostics
9. An overview of Direct Laser Deposition for additive manufacturing; Part II: Mechanical behavior, process parameter optimization and control
10. Direct laser freeform fabrication of high performance metal components10.1108/13552549810222939 ↗
11. The study of the laser parameters and environment variables effect on mechanical properties of high compact parts elaborated by selective laser melting 316L powder10.1016/j.msea.2013.06.055 ↗
12. Selective laser melting of thin wall parts using pulse shaping10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2009.09.011 ↗
13. Effect of molten pool boundaries on the mechanical properties of selective laser melting parts10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.06.002 ↗
14. Characterization of stainless steel parts by Laser Metal Deposition Shaping10.1016/j.matdes.2013.09.006 ↗
15. Direct Laser Fabrication process with coaxial powder projection of 316L steel. Geometrical characteristics and microstructure characterization of wall structures10.1016/j.optlaseng.2012.07.002 ↗
16. Application Status and Development Trend of Additive Manufacturing Technology for Metal Materials
17. Review of selective laser melting: Materials and applications10.1063/1.4935926 ↗
18. Investigation on hot sizing process based on creep mechanism for laser cladded thin-walled titanium alloy components10.2351/1.5079879 ↗
19. Influence of laser deposition patterns on part distortion, interior quality and mechanical properties by laser solid forming (LSF)10.1016/j.msea.2010.09.078 ↗
20. Effects of pulse parameters on in-situ Ti-V carbides size and properties of Fe-based laser cladding layers10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.03.021 ↗
21. Numerical and experimental investigation on laser metal deposition as repair technology for 316L stainless steel10.1016/j.optlastec.2019.05.011 ↗
22. Cracking behavior and mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel parts produced by laser metal deposition10.1016/j.matdes.2012.08.078 ↗
23. Functionally graded multi-layers by laser cladding for increased wear and corrosion protection10.1016/j.phpro.2010.08.157 ↗
24. Functionally graded Ni-Ti microstructures synthesised in process by direct laser metal deposition10.1007/s00170-015-6878-8 ↗
25. Effect of directed energy deposition processing parameters on laser deposited Inconel® 718: External morphology10.2351/1.4977476 ↗
26. A fundamental investigation on three–dimensional laser material deposition of AISI316L stainless steel10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106107 ↗
27. Research on the processing experiments of laser metal deposition shaping10.1016/j.optlastec.2005.10.009 ↗
28. Microstructural features of consecutive layers of Stellite 6 deposited by laser cladding10.1016/S0257-8972(01)01687-5 ↗
29. Wang, X., Lei, L., and Yu, H. (2021). A Review on Microstructural Features and Mechanical Properties of Wheels/Rails Cladded by Laser Cladding. Micromachines, 12.10.3390/mi12020152 ↗
30. Wang, X., Yu, H., Jiang, J., Xia, C., and Zhang, Z. (2022). Influences of Pulse Shaping on Single-Track Clad of AISI316L Stainless Steel by Laser Material Deposition. Coatings, 12.10.3390/coatings12020248 ↗
31. Lepski, D., and Brückner, F. (2009). Laser Cladding, Springer.10.1007/978-1-4020-9340-1_8 ↗
32. Investigation on the direct laser metallic powder deposition process via temperature measurement10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.02.025 ↗
33. The influence of laser and powder defocusing characteristics on the surface quality in laser direct metal deposition10.1016/j.optlastec.2011.07.013 ↗
34. Model of layer thickness of thin-walled parts in laser metal direct manufacturing
35. Research on laser cladding forming process of circumferentially inclined thin-walled cylinders10.3788/CJL201845.0802004 ↗
36. Direct laser deposition with different types of 316L steel particle: A comparative study of final part properties10.1177/0954405413475961 ↗
37. Influences of pulse laser parameters on properties of AISI316L stainless steel thin-walled part by laser material deposition10.1016/j.optlastec.2016.12.021 ↗
38. Influences of z-axis increment and analyses of defects of AISI 316L stainless steel hollow thin-walled cylinder10.1007/s00170-018-2083-x ↗
39. Microstructure and mechanical properties of thin-wall structure by hybrid laser metal deposition and laser remelting process10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106087 ↗
40. Numerical and experimental investigation of multilayer SS410 thin wall built by laser direct metal deposition10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2011.08.011 ↗
41. Process analysis for laser solid forming of thin-wall structure10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2009.10.003 ↗
42. Numerical simulation of thermal behavior during laser direct metal deposition10.1007/s00170-010-3142-0 ↗
43. On the delamination and crack formation in a thin wall fabricated using laser solid freeform fabrication process: An experimental–numerical investigation10.1016/j.optlaseng.2009.06.010 ↗
44. An experimental and numerical study of the influence of diode laser beam shape on thin wall direct metal deposition10.2351/1.1848533 ↗
45. Research on surface finish of thin-wall parts by laser with coaxial inside-beam powder feeding10.2351/7.0000206 ↗
46. Yu, J., Sun, W., Huang, H., and Huang, Y. (2020). Study on the deformation control and microstructures of thin-walled parts repaired by laser cladding. Coatings, 10.10.3390/coatings10040369 ↗
47. Effects of powder concentration distribution on fabrication of thin-wall parts in coaxial laser cladding10.1016/j.optlastec.2004.04.009 ↗
48. Jardin, R.T., Tuninetti, V., Tchuindjang, J.T., Hashemi, N., Carrus, R., Mertens, A., Duchêne, L., Tran, H.S., and Habraken, A.M. (2020). Sensitivity Analysis in the Modelling of a High Speed Steel Thin-Wall Produced by Directed Energy Deposition. Metals, 10.10.3390/met10111554 ↗
49. Research on manufacturing technology of thin-walled parts of Fe105 metal based on laser cladding10.1088/1742-6596/1187/3/032043 ↗
50. Effects of substrate preheating on the thin-wall part built by laser metal deposition shaping10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.08.113 ↗
51. The influence of scanning methods on the cracking failure of thin-wall metal parts fabricated by laser direct deposition shaping10.1016/j.engfailanal.2015.10.011 ↗
52. Laser direct metal deposition of variable width thin-walled structures in Inconel 718 alloy by coaxial powder feeding10.1007/s00170-020-05434-3 ↗
53. Microstructural changes in a laser solid forming Inconel 718 superalloy thin wall in the deposition direction10.1016/j.optlastec.2012.06.028 ↗
54. Direct fabrication of single-crystal-like structure using quasi-continuous-wave laser additive manufacturing10.1016/j.jmst.2020.04.043 ↗
55. Prediction and validation of residual stresses generated during laser metal deposition of γ titanium aluminide thin wall structures10.1088/2053-1591/ab38ee ↗
56. A comparative study of laser direct metal deposition characteristics using gas and plasma-atomized Ti–6Al–4V powders10.1016/j.msea.2011.06.074 ↗
57. Microcomputed tomography analysis of intralayer porosity generation in laser direct metal deposition and its causes10.2351/1.3582311 ↗
58. CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy thin-walled parts manufactured by laser metal deposition: Microstructure evolution and mechanical anisotropy10.1016/j.msea.2021.141306 ↗
59. Ageing response of an Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr alloy processed by laser metal deposition in thin-wall structures10.1016/j.vacuum.2018.09.052 ↗
60. Three-dimensional analytical model on laser-powder interaction during laser cladding10.2351/1.2164476 ↗
61. A fundamental investigation on ultrasonic vibration-assisted laser engineered net shaping of stainless steel10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2017.04.008 ↗
62. Huang, W., Chen, J., Li, Y., and Lin, X. Laser rapid forming technology of high-performance dense metal components with complex structure. Proceedings of Lasers in Material Processing and Manufacturing II, SPIE.
63. Surface evenness control of laser solid formed thin-walled parts based on the mathematical model of the single cladding layer thickness10.2351/1.5067388 ↗
64. Laser additive manufacturing of metallic components: Materials, processes and mechanisms10.1179/1743280411Y.0000000014 ↗
65. Modeling of laser beam and powder flow interaction in laser cladding using ray-tracing10.2351/1.4906394 ↗
66. Laser Cladding Forming Technology of Flat-Top Thin-Walled Part Based on Special-Shaped Base Surface10.3788/CJL201946.1102002 ↗
67. Anisotropic tensile behavior of Ti–6Al–4V components fabricated with directed energy deposition additive manufacturing10.1016/j.actamat.2014.12.054 ↗
68. Overhang structure and accuracy in laser engineered net shaping of Fe-Cr steel10.1016/j.optlastec.2018.04.015 ↗
69. Laser metal deposition for powder metallurgy parts10.1179/174329011X12977874589924 ↗
70. Wang, X., Jiang, J., and Tian, Y. (2022). A Review on Macroscopic and Microstructural Features of Metallic Coating Created by Pulsed Laser Material Deposition. Micromachines, 13.10.3390/mi13050659 ↗
71. Thermal process maps for predicting solidification microstructure in laser fabrication of thin-wall structures10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.03.155 ↗
72. Effect of pulse frequency on the morphology, microstructure, and corrosion resistance of high-nitrogen steel prepared by laser directed energy deposition10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127450 ↗
73. Evolution of solidification and microstructure in laser-clad IN625 superalloy powder on GTD-111 superalloy10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127010 ↗
74. Thin wall deposition of IN625 using directed energy deposition10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.04.032 ↗
75. Evaluation of the mechanical properties of Inconel 718 components built by laser cladding10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2011.02.003 ↗
76. Atwood, C., Ensz, M., Greene, D., Griffith, M., Harwell, L., Reckaway, D., Romero, T., Schlienger, E., and Smugeresky, J. (1998). Laser engineered net shaping (LENS (TM)): A tool for direct fabrication of metal parts. International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics, Laser Institute of America.10.2351/1.5059147 ↗
77. Microstructure and properties of thin wall by laser cladding forming10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2009.01.019 ↗
78. Effects of electromagnetic compound field on the escape behavior of pores in molten pool during laser cladding10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.125198 ↗
79. Microstructure and Property of Fe60 Composite Coatings by Rotating Magnetic Field Auxiliary Laser Cladding10.3788/CJL201340.0103007 ↗
80. Effect of electromagnetic Stirring on the Element Distribution in Laser Beam Welding of Aluminium with Filler Wire10.1016/j.phpro.2011.03.008 ↗
81. Microstructures and mechanical properties of Fe-Cr stainless steel parts fabricated by ultrasonic vibration-assisted laser engineered net shaping process10.1016/j.matlet.2016.05.055 ↗
82. Effect of scanning strategy on texture formation in Ni-25 at.% Mo alloys fabricated by selective laser melting10.1016/j.matdes.2017.11.060 ↗
83. Effects of process parameters on microstructures and tensile properties of laser melting deposited CrMnFeCoNi high entropy alloys10.1016/j.msea.2018.11.110 ↗
84. Effects of substrate crystallographic orientations on crystal growth and microstructure formation in laser powder deposition of nickel-based superalloy10.1016/j.actamat.2014.12.046 ↗
85. Epitaxial laser deposition of single crystal Ni-based superalloys: Repair of complex geometry10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2020.116782 ↗
86. Underwater additive manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by laser metal deposition: Formability, gran growth and microstructure evolution10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109196 ↗
87. Microstructure and property of laser clad Fe-based composite layer containing Nb and B4C powders10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.06.183 ↗
88. The microstructure evolution and tensile properties of Inconel 718 fabricated by high-deposition-rate laser directed energy deposition
89. Tailoring Laves phase and mechanical properties of directed energy deposited Inconel 718 thin-wall via a gradient laser power method10.1016/j.msea.2021.141822 ↗
90. Microstructural characteristics and hardness of CoNiTi medium-entropy alloy coating on pure Ti substrate prepared by pulsed laser cladding10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.156704 ↗
91. Hall–Petch relation and boundary strengthening10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.06.002 ↗
92. Mechanical behavior in boron-microalloyed CoCrNi medium-entropy alloy studied by in situ high-energy X-ray diffraction10.1016/j.msea.2020.139600 ↗
93. Columnar to equiaxed transition and grain refinement of cast CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy by microalloying with titanium and carbon10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.10.187 ↗
94. Peters, M., Hemptenmacher, J., Kumpfert, J., and Leyens, C. (2003). Structure and properties of titanium and titanium alloys. Titanium and Titanium Alloys: Fundamentals and Applications, Wiley-VCH.10.1002/3527602119.ch1 ↗
95. Fabrication of large Ti-6Al-4V structures by direct laser deposition10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.12.234 ↗
96. Additive Manufacturing of γ-TiAl: Processing, Microstructure, and Properties10.1002/adem.201500588 ↗
97. Numerical simulation of thermal behavior during laser metal deposition shaping10.1016/S1003-6326(08)60120-X ↗
98. Bergman, T.L., Lavine, A.S., Incropera, F.P., and DeWitt, D.P. (2011). Introduction to Heat Transfer, John Wiley & Sons.
99. Residual stresses in LENS® components using neutron diffraction and contour method10.1016/j.msea.2005.02.019 ↗
100. Residual stresses in LENS-deposited AISI 410 stainless steel plates10.1016/j.msea.2008.05.044 ↗