Case Study on Fire Resistance of Sandwiches for Means of Transport
Source abstract
Abstract
These days there are undeniably unique materials that, however, must also meet demanding safety requirements. In the case of vehicles, these are undoubtedly excellent fire protection characteristics. The aim of the work is to experimentally verify the proposed material compositions for long-term heat loads and the effect of thickness, the number of laminating layers (prepregs) as well as structures with different types of cores (primarily honeycomb made of Nomex paper type T722 of different densities, aluminum honeycomb and PET foam) and composite coating based on a glass-reinforced phenolic matrix. The selected materials are suitable candidates for intelligent sandwich structures, usable especially for interior cladding applications in the industry for the production of means of public transport (e.g., train units, trams, buses, hybrid vehicles).
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Flame retardant materials and properties · Cellular and Composite Structures · Material Properties and Applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VŠB–Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Czech Republic
References (38)
Show source-provided references
1. Composite Sandwich Structure Design Requirements—Terms, Definitions and Global Properties
2. Davies, J. (2001). Lightweight Sandwich Construction, Blackwell Science Publishing.10.1002/9780470690253 ↗
3. Bitzer, T.N. (1997). Honeycomb Technology: Materials, Design, Manufacturing, Applications and Testing, Chapman & Hall.
4. Hexcel Corporation (2014, November 18). HexWeb® Honeycomb Attributes and Properties. Available online: http://www.hexcel.com/resources/technology-manuals.
5. Mechanical properties of Nomex material and Nomex honeycomb structures10.1016/j.compstruct.2006.07.010 ↗
6. Technology and mold design for production of hollow carbon composite parts
7. Structural concept, design, and experimental verification of a glass fiber-reinforced polymer sandwich roof structure10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2008)12:4(454) ↗
8. Material characterization of a composite foam sandwich for the front structure of a high speed train10.1016/S0263-8223(03)00028-X ↗
9. Thotakuri, M.V., and Keshvanara, S. (2007). Transverse Compressive Properties of Honeycomb Core under Oblique Loading. [Master’s Thesis, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Wichita State University].
10. Mechanical properties of Fire-damaged glass-reinforced phenolic composites10.1002/1099-1018(200003/04)24:2<67::AID-FAM720>3.0.CO;2-0 ↗
11. Fire in the environment10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109703 ↗
12. Post-fire properties of sandwich polymer composites10.1016/S1359-835X(02)00022-2 ↗
13. Post Fire flexural properties of fibre–reinforced polyester, epoxy and phenolic composites10.1023/A:1014520628915 ↗
14. Post-fire mechanical properties of sandwich composite structures10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.07.009 ↗
15. Response of a sandwich panel subject to fire or elevated temperature on one of the surfaces10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.03.014 ↗
16. Structural integrity of sandwich structures in fire: An intermediate-schale approach10.1080/15685543.2013.816620 ↗
17. Lattimer, B.Y., Ouellette, J., and Sorathia, U. (2004, January 16–20). Large scale fire resistance tests on sandwich composite materials. Proceedings of the SAMPE 04, Long Beach, CA, USA.
18. Fire stability of glass-fibre sandwich panels: The influence of core materials and flame retardants10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.11.027 ↗
19. Modeling compressive skin failure of sandwich composites in fire10.1177/1099636207082307 ↗
20. Finite element modelling of fiber reinforced polymer sandwich panels exposed to heat10.1002/nme.1055 ↗
21. Thermo-mechanical damage modelling of polymer matrix sandwich composites in fire10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.03.006 ↗
22. Perspective Heat-Resistant Coating for Protection of Cf/SiC Composites in Air Plasma Hypersonic Flow10.1134/S0018151X19050018 ↗
23. Structure and properties of MoSi2-MeB2-SiC (Me = Zr, Hf) ceramics produced by combination of SHS and HP techniques10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.08.033 ↗
24. Oxidation of MOSI2-Based Composites10.1016/0921-5093(92)90325-U ↗
25. NF F01-281 (1989). Railway Rolling Stock–Parts–Parts in Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Composites, Internal Technical Standard of Škoda Transportation. (In Czech).
26. NDT 64 4401 (2016). Laminate (Composite) Parts with Reduced Flammability for Applications in Rail Vehicles, Internal Technical Standard of Škoda Transportation. (In Czech).
27. ČSN ISO 2768 (1992). General Tolerances. Non-Prescribed Limit Deviations of Length and Angle Dimensions, Czech Technical Standard. (In Czech).
28. EN 45545-2 (2016). Railway Applications—Fire Protection of Railway Vehicles—Part 2: Requirements for the Fire Performance of Materials and Components, Czech Technical Standard. (In Czech).
29. ASTM E 1354 (1992). Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials Using an Oxygen Consuption Calorimeter, ASTM International. (In Czech).
30. Koštial, P., Jančíková, Z.K., Ružiak, I., and Gajtanská, M. (2020). Case Study of Chosen Sandwich-Structured Composite Materials for Means of Transport. Coatings, 10.10.3390/coatings10080750 ↗
31. Thermal properties of sandwiches for applications in transportation10.1007/978-981-10-1602-8_16 ↗
32. Mouritz, A.P. (2006). Fire Safety of Advaced Composites for Aircraft, ATSB Research and analysis report B2004/0046.
33. ISO 5660-1 (1993). Fire Tests–Reaction to Fire—Part 1: Rate of Heat Release from Building Products (Cone Calorimeter Method), ISO.
34. Brown, E.J., Braun, E., and Twilley, H.W. (2009). Cone Calorimeter Evaluation of the Flammability of Composite Materials, Technical Report No. NBSIR 88-3733.
35. Bubacz, M. (2006). Permeability and Flammability Study of Composite Sandwich Structures for Cryogenic Applications. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of New Orleans].
36. Isogeometric analysis of laminated composite and functionally graded sandwich plates based on a layerwise displacement theory10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.05.037 ↗
37. An isogeometric continuum shell element for modeling the nonlinear response of functionally graded material structures10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.111893 ↗
38. A mixed isogeometric analysis and control volume approach for heat transfer analysis of nonuniformly heated plates10.1080/10407790.2019.1627801 ↗