Sustainable New Technology for the Improvement of Metallic Materials for Future Energy Applications
Source abstract
Abstract
The need for a more sustainable and accessible source of energy is increasing as human society advances. The use of different metallic materials and their challenges in current and future energy sectors are the primary focus of the first part of this review. Cryogenic treatment (CT), one of the possible solutions for an environmentally friendly, sustainable, and cost-effective technology for tailoring the properties of these materials, is the focus of second part of the review. CT was found to have great potential for the improvement of the properties of metallic materials and the extension of their service life. The focus of the review is on selected surface properties and corrosion resistance, which are under-researched and have great potential for future research and application of CT in the energy sector. Most research reports that CT improves corrosion resistance by up to 90%. This is based on the unique oxide formation that can provide corrosion protection and extend the life of metallic materials by up to three times. However, more research should be conducted on the surface resistance and corrosion resistance of metallic materials in future studies to provide standards for the application of CT in the energy sector.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Metal Alloys Wear and Properties · Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties · Advanced materials and composites
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Group of Corrosion, Department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institute for Iron Research, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
Alexander von Humboldt PostDoc Research Fellow, Jean-Paul-Str. 12, 53173 Bonn, Germany
Funding
Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. Candra, O., Chammam, A., Alvarez, J.R.N., Muda, I., and Aybar, H. (2023). The Impact of Renewable Energy Sources on the Sustainable Development of the Economy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Sustainability, 15.10.3390/su15032104 ↗
2. A Review of Renewable Energy Sources, Sustainability Issues and Climate Change Mitigation10.1080/23311916.2016.1167990 ↗
3. Impact of Natural Resource Rents on Human Development: What Is the Role of Globalization in Asia Pacific Countries?10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.101413 ↗
4. Natural Resources and Economic Growth in Africa: The Role of Institutional Quality and Human Capital10.1016/j.resourpol.2018.11.009 ↗
5. Kumar, M. (2020). Wind Solar Hybrid Renewable Energy System, DoB-Books on Demand.
6. Zohuri, B., and McDaniel, P. (2021). Introduction to Energy Essentials, Academic Press.
7. The Path to Fusion Power
8. (2023, July 23). Dream of Unlimited, Clean Nuclear Fusion Energy within Reach|Research and Innovation. Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/research-and-innovation/en/horizon-magazine/dream-unlimited-clean-nuclear-fusion-energy-within-reach.
9. Carter, T., Baalrud, S., Betti, R., Ellis, T., Foster, J., Geddes, C., Gleason, A., Holland, C., Humrickhouse, P., and Kessel, C. (2018). Powering the Future: Fusion and Plasmas.
10. (2023, June 28). EU Energy Outlook 2050—How Will Europe Evolve over the Next 30 Years?—Energy BrainBlog. Available online: https://blog.energybrainpool.com/en/eu-energy-outlook-2050-how-will-europe-evolve-over-the-next-30-years-3/.
11. (2023, June 28). Renewable Energy on the Rise: 37% of EU’s Electricity—Products Eurostat News—Eurostat. Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/ddn-20220126-1.
12. Forbes Home (2023, July 23). Solar. Available online: https://www.forbes.com/home-improvement/solar/.
13. (2023, July 23). How Much Energy Does a Solar Farm Produce? [Solar Farms Explained]. Available online: https://solarenergyhackers.com/how-much-energy-does-a-solar-farm-produce/.
14. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) (2023, July 23). Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), Available online: https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=104&t=3.
15. Greater Impacts of Wind Farms on Bird Populations during Construction than Subsequent Operation: Results of a Multi-Site and Multi-Species Analysis10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02110.x ↗
16. Life Cycle Assessment of the Theistareykir Geothermal Power Plant in Iceland10.1016/j.geothermics.2022.102530 ↗
17. Whole Building Design Guide (2023, July 23). Biomass for Electricity Generation|WBDG. Available online: https://www.wbdg.org/resources/biomass-electricity-generation.
18. Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe eV Agency for Renewable Resources (2020). Bioenergy in Germany Facts and Figures 2020, Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe eV Agency for Renewable Resources.
19. (2023, July 23). Tidal Energy: Can It Be Used to Generate Electricity. Available online: https://justenergy.com/blog/tidal-energy-electricity/.
20. Hallidays (2023, July 23). How Much Energy Does Hydropower Produce Each Year. Available online: https://www.hallidayshydropower.com/how-much-energy-hydropower/.
21. IEA (2023, July 23). Hydropower. Available online: https://www.iea.org/energy-system/renewables/hydropower.
22. (2023, July 23). Global Offshore Wind Capacity Factor 2021|Statista. Available online: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1368679/global-offshore-wind-capacity-factor/.
23. Agency, I.R.E. (2020). Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2019, International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA).
24. IEA (2023, July 23). Executive Summary—The Role of Critical Minerals in Clean Energy Transitions—Analysis. Available online: https://www.iea.org/reports/the-role-of-critical-minerals-in-clean-energy-transitions/executive-summary.
25. Review of Critical Metal Dynamics to 2050 for 48 Elements10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104669 ↗
26. Zepf, V., Simmons, J., Reller, A., Ashfield, M., and Rennie, C. (2014). Materials Critical to the Energy Industry An Introduction, BP p.l.c.. [2nd ed.].
27. McKinsey (2023, July 23). The Raw-Materials Challenge: How the Metals and Mining Sector Will Be at the Core of Enabling the Energy Transition. Available online: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/metals-and-mining/our-insights/the-raw-materials-challenge-how-the-metals-and-mining-sector-will-be-at-the-core-of-enabling-the-energy-transition.
28. High-Entropy Materials for Energy-Related Applications10.1016/j.isci.2021.102177 ↗
29. High-Entropy Alloys as a Platform for Catalysis: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities10.1021/acscatal.0c03617 ↗
30. Materials Challenges for Nuclear Systems10.1016/S1369-7021(10)70220-0 ↗
31. Odette, R.G., and Zinkle, S.J. (2019). Structural Alloys for Nuclear Energy Applications, Elsevier. Available online: https://books.google.de/books?hl=en&lr=&id=KAF0AwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=alloys+in+nuclear+energy&ots=kPDtxJjGm_&sig=0_gOE-NqXXv-PV27O1LfuvFqJBM&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=alloys%20in%20nuclear%20energy&f=false.
32. (2023, July 23). Advanced Nuclear Reactors 101. Available online: https://www.rff.org/publications/explainers/advanced-nuclear-reactors-101/.
33. IAEA (2020). Advanced Large Water Cooled Reactors. A Supplement to: IAEA Advanced Reactors Information System (ARIS) 2020 Edition, IAEA.
34. Grand Challenges in Advanced Nuclear Reactor Design10.3389/fnuen.2022.1000754 ↗
35. Opinion on Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)10.3389/fenrg.2023.1115695 ↗
36. Ocean Thermal Energy for Air-Conditioning: Case Study of a Green Data Center
37. High Velocity Seawater Air-Conditioning with Thermal Energy Storage and Its Operation with Intermittent Renewable Energies10.1007/s12053-020-09905-0 ↗
38. Electricity Generation by the Tidal Barrages10.1016/j.egypro.2011.10.122 ↗
39. Tidal Barrage Operational Optimisation Using Wave Energy Control Techniques10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.10.423 ↗
40. A Life Cycle Assessment Comparison of Materials for a Tidal Stream Turbine Blade10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118353 ↗
41. Tidal Stream Energy in China10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.377 ↗
42. A Comprehensive Insight into Tidal Stream Energy Farms in Iran10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.037 ↗
43. Tidal Energy Resource Assessment for Tidal Stream Generators10.1243/09576509JPE332 ↗
44. Future Emerging Technologies in the Wind Power Sector: A European Perspective10.1016/j.rser.2019.109270 ↗
45. Wave Power Performance of Wave Energy Converters at High-Energy Areas of a Semi-Enclosed Sea10.1016/j.energy.2020.119705 ↗
46. Wave Power—Sustainable Energy or Environmentally Costly? A Review with Special Emphasis on Linear Wave Energy Converters10.1016/j.rser.2009.11.016 ↗
47. Wave Energy in Europe: Current Status and Perspectives10.1016/S1364-0321(02)00009-6 ↗
48. The Wave and Wind Power Potential in the Western Black Sea10.1016/j.renene.2019.03.017 ↗
49. Environmental Impact of Renewable Energy Source Based Electrical Power Plants: Solar, Wind, Hydroelectric, Biomass, Geothermal, Tidal, Ocean, and Osmotic10.1016/j.rser.2022.112279 ↗
50. Nanofluidics for Osmotic Energy Conversion10.1038/s41578-021-00300-4 ↗
51. High-Performance Silk-Based Hybrid Membranes Employed for Osmotic Energy Conversion10.1038/s41467-019-11792-8 ↗
52. Hybrid RED/ED System: Simultaneous Osmotic Energy Recovery and Desalination of High-Salinity Wastewater10.1016/j.desal.2016.12.005 ↗
53. Progress in Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) Membranes for Osmotic Power Generation10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.04.005 ↗
54. Recent Advances in Osmotic Energy Generation via Pressure-Retarded Osmosis (PRO): A Review10.3390/en81011821 ↗
55. The Future of Hydropower? A Systematic Review of the Drivers, Benefits and Governance Dynamics of Transboundary Dams10.1016/j.rser.2020.110495 ↗
56. Penstock Material Selection in Small Hydropower Plants Using MADM Methods10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.018 ↗
57. A Review of How Life Cycle Assessment Has Been Used to Assess the Environmental Impacts of Hydropower Energy10.1016/j.rser.2022.112684 ↗
58. Borkowski, D., Cholewa, D., and Korzeń, A. (2021). Run-of-the-River Hydro-PV Battery Hybrid System as an Energy Supplier for Local Loads. Energies, 14.10.3390/en14165160 ↗
59. The Public’s Perception of Run-of-the-River Hydropower across Europe10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111422 ↗
60. Increasing Climate-Related-Energy Penetration by Integrating Run-of-the River Hydropower to Wind/Solar Mix10.1016/j.renene.2015.10.064 ↗
61. Douglas, T., Broomhall, P., and Orr, C. (2007). Run-of-River Hydropower in BC A Citizen’s Guide to Understanding Approvals, Impacts and Sustainability of Independent Power Projects.
62. Performance Evaluation of a Drag Hydro Kinetic Turbine for Rivers Current Energy Extraction—A Case Study10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.106699 ↗
63. Savonius Hydrokinetic Turbines for a Sustainable River-Based Energy Extraction: A Review of the Technology and Potential Applications in Malaysia
64. EduRev (2023, July 24). Which One of the Following Turbines Is Used in under Water Powerstations? (a) Pelton Turbine (b) Deriaz Turbine (c) Tubular Turbined (d) Turgo-Impulse Turbine. Correct Answer Is Option “C”. Can You Explain This Answer?|EduRev Mechanical Engineering Question. Available online: https://edurev.in/question/1587343/Which-one-of-the-following-turbines-is-used-in-under-water-powerstations-a-Pelton-turbineb-Deriaz-tu.
65. Potential Environmental Effects of Deepwater Floating Offshore Wind Energy Facilities10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105611 ↗
66. Emerging and Innovative Materials for Hydropower Engineering Applications: Turbines, Bearings, Sealing, Dams and Waterways, and Ocean Power10.1016/j.eng.2021.06.025 ↗
67. Introduction to Materials for Advanced Energy Systems10.1557/mrs.2020.109 ↗
68. Estimation of the Permanent Weight Load of Water Wheels for Civil Engineering and Hydropower Applications and Dataset Collection
69. Hoffer, A.E., Tapia, J.A., Petrov, I., and Pyrhönen, J. (2019, January 14–17). Design of a Stainless Core Submersible Permanent Magnet Generator for Tidal Energy. Proceedings of the IECON 2019-45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Lisbon, Portugal.10.1109/IECON.2019.8927156 ↗
70. Effect of Stroke Length on Friction and Wear of Self-Lubricating Polymer Composites during Dry Sliding against Stainless Steel at High Contact Pressures10.1016/j.wear.2022.204393 ↗
71. Analysis on Influence of Bucket Angle of Pelton Wheel Turbine for Its Structural Integrity Using Aluminium Alloy (A390), Austenitic Stainless Steel (CF20), Grey Cast Iron (325) and Martensitic Stainless Steel (410)10.1016/j.matpr.2022.04.287 ↗
72. Material Selection for Vertical Axis Tidal Current Turbine Using Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM)10.1088/1757-899X/1158/1/012001 ↗
73. Power Conversion Mechanisms for Wave Energy
74. Prototype Testing of the Wave Energy Converter Wave Dragon10.1016/j.renene.2005.09.005 ↗
75. Friction Stir Processing of Dual Certified 304/304L Austenitic Stainless Steel for Improved Cavitation Erosion Resistance10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.11.177 ↗
76. Life Cycle Assessment of Mini-Hydropower Plants in Thailand10.1007/s11367-011-0311-9 ↗
77. Failure Analysis of Aluminum Cable Steel Reinforced (ACSR) Conductor of the Transmission Line Crossing the Paraná River10.1016/S1350-6307(02)00021-3 ↗
78. Design and Analysis of Low Head, Light Weight Kaplan Turbine Blade
79. Occurrence of Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) Associated with Biocorrosion on Metallic Surfaces in a Hydroelectric Power Station in Ibirama (SC)—Brazil10.1590/S1516-89132013000500011 ↗
80. Unusual Corrosion of Nickel-Aluminium Bronze in a Hydroelectric Power Plant10.1002/maco.201508323 ↗
81. Ebrahimi, A. (2020). Advances in Modelling and Control of Wind and Hydrogenerators Edited, IntechOpen. [1st ed.].10.5772/intechopen.77988 ↗
82. Use of Biomass in Integrated Steelmaking—Status Quo, Future Needs and Comparison to Other Low-CO2 Steel Production Technologies10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.01.060 ↗
83. Current and Future Corrosion Challenges for a Reliable and Sustainable Development of the Chemical, Refinery, and Petrochemical Industries10.1002/maco.200805171 ↗
84. Biomass Applications in Iron and Steel Industry: An Overview of Challenges and Opportunities10.1016/j.rser.2016.07.061 ↗
85. ORNL (2023, July 12). Degradation of Structural Alloys In Biomass-Derived Pyrolysis Oil, Available online: https://www.ornl.gov/publication/degradation-structural-alloys-biomass-derived-pyrolysis-oil.
86. Inherent Metal Elements in Biomass Pyrolysis: A Review10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c04046 ↗
87. (2023, July 12). Biomass Energy. Available online: https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/biomass-energy/.
88. Catalytic Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste: Moving toward Pyrolysis Based Biorefineries10.3389/fenrg.2019.00027 ↗
89. Corrosion Behavior of High-Cr-Ni Materials in Biomass Incineration Atmospheres10.1021/acsomega.2c01223 ↗
90. Study of Corrosion in a Biomass Boiler10.1155/2013/272090 ↗
91. Microbiological Corrosion in Aerobic and Anaerobic Waste Purification Plants: Safety and Efficiency Problems10.1007/s004490050361 ↗
92. Improving the Abrasive Wear Resistance of Biomass Briquetting Machine Components Using Cathodic Arc Physical Vapor Deposition Coatings: A Comparative Study10.1116/6.0001228 ↗
93. Bojanowska, M., Chmiel, J., Sozańska, M., Chmiela, B., Grudzień, J., and Halska, J. (2021). Issues of Corrosion and Degradation under Dusty Deposits of Energy Biomass. Energies, 14.10.3390/en14030534 ↗
94. Thermomechanical Fatigue of Heat Resistant Austenitic Alloys10.1016/j.prostr.2022.12.247 ↗
95. Wärner, H., Chai, G., Moverare, J., and Calmunger, M. (2021). High Temperature Fatigue of Aged Heavy Section Austenitic Stainless Steels. Materials, 15.10.3390/ma15010084 ↗
96. Thermomechanical Fatigue Behaviour of Aged Heat Resistant Austenitic Alloys10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2019.06.012 ↗
97. Corrosion of Ferrous Structural Alloys in Biomass Derived Fuels and Organic Acids10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c01350 ↗
98. Corrosion Susceptibility of Cr-Mo Steels and Ferritic Stainless Steels in Biomass-Derived Pyrolysis Oil Constituents10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b04406 ↗
99. The Flow in the Induction and Entrance Regions of Lab-Scale Wind Farms10.1002/we.2855 ↗
100. (2023, July 19). Wind Energy. Available online: https://www.irena.org/Energy-Transition/Technology/Wind-energy.