Focused Review on Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4) in Corrosion and Erosion Applications
Source abstract
Abstract
Inorganic, organic, and metallic coatings have received much attention due to their great protection applications in oil and gas industries and their development through finding eco-friendly materials for the coatings. Their unique structure, low cost, and facile synthesis are some of the few properties of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) materials that make them useful in a number of applications. Moreover, g-C3N4 offers exceptional chemical and thermal stability and a high specific surface area, and it is well known for its outstanding biocompatibility and biological activity. Numerous investigations have reported various types of C3N4-incorporated coatings that have enhanced corrosion, wear, and mechanical resistance properties. This review highlights the new applications of g-C3N4 (standalone, in an alloy, or composite) as a coating in the wear and corrosion protection fields. Furthermore, a strong focus on the structure, unique properties, and preparation technique of g-C3N4 are summarized, especially in metallic coatings, which is a highly novel trend. Lastly, various important issues based on current research are proposed for future prospective work that should be further studied in this attractive research topic.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: MXene and MAX Phase Materials · Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques · ZnO doping and properties
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
Funding
Qatar National Research Fund
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. Global needs for knowledge dissemination, research, and development in materials deterioration and corrosion control
2. (2024, June 15). Gerhardus Koch, Jeff Varney, Neil Thompson, Oliver Moghissi, Melissa Gould, and Joe Payer, Nace International. Available online: http://impact.nace.org/documents/Nace-International-Report.pdf.
3. Al Hashem, A. (2011). Corrosion in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) States: Statistics and Figures, Corrosion UAE.
4. (2024, December 10). Anti-Corrosion Coating Market by Type (Epoxy, Polyurethane, Acrylic, Alkyd, Zinc), Technology (Solvent Borne, Waterborne, Powder-Based), End-Use Industry (Marine, Oil & Gas, Industrial, Infrastructure, Power Generation), & Region—Global Forecast to 2028. MarketsandMarkets. Available online: https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/anti-corrosion-coating-market-155215822.html.
5. An efficient eco advanced oxidation process for phenol mineralization using a 2D/3D nanocomposite photocatalyst and visible light irradiations
6. Prediction of New Low Compressibility Solids10.1126/science.245.4920.841 ↗
7. Tribology of diamondlike carbon and related materials: An updated review10.1016/S0257-8972(97)00458-1 ↗
8. Improving mechanical properties of a-CNx films by Ti–TiN/CNx gradient multilayer10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.07.018 ↗
9. Plasma chemical vapor deposition and properties of hard C3N4 thin films10.1116/1.579613 ↗
10. Structural, electronic and optical properties of carbon nitride10.1016/0921-5093(95)10120-9 ↗
11. Structural and mechanical properties of carbon nitride CN x (0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.35) films10.1116/1.579880 ↗
12. Analytical electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy studies of carbon nitride thin films10.1116/1.578765 ↗
13. Comparison of tribological properties of carbon and carbon nitride protective coatings over magnetic media10.1116/1.580247 ↗
14. Characterization of CNx thin films prepared by close field unbalanced magnetron sputtering10.1016/j.tsf.2004.07.032 ↗
15. (2021). Ziyang Zhou, Xiaohong Ji, Sepideh Pourhashem, Jizhou Duan, Baorong Hou, Investigating the effects of g-C3N4/Graphene oxide nanohybrids on corrosion resistance of waterborne epoxy coatings. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 149, 106568.10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106568 ↗
16. Electrical properties of carbon nitride thin films: Role of morphology and hydrogen content10.1007/s11664-002-0190-8 ↗
17. Microstructure, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of titanium incorporated amorphous carbon nitride films10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.07.007 ↗
18. A review of the preparation of carbon nitride films10.1016/S0925-9635(99)00142-9 ↗
19. Uber einige Stickstoff—Verbindungen10.1002/jlac.18340100102 ↗
20. From triazines to heptazines: Novel Nonmetal tricyanomelaminates as precursors for graphitic carbon nitride materials10.1021/cm052342f ↗
21. Graphitic carbon nitride “reloaded”: Emerging applications beyond (photo)catalysis10.1039/C5CS00767D ↗
22. Carbon nitrides: Synthesis and characterization of a new class of functional materials10.1039/C7CP02711G ↗
23. Nanoscale, conformal films of graphitic carbon nitride deposited at room temperature: A method for construction of heterojunction devices10.1039/C7NR06489F ↗
24. Polymeric graphitic carbon nitride as a heterogeneous organocatalyst: From photochemistry to multipurpose catalysis to sustainable chemistry10.1002/anie.201101182 ↗
25. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanocomposites: A new and exciting generation of visible light driven photocatalysts for environmental pollution remediation10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.05.052 ↗
26. A fantastic graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) material: Electronic structure, photocatalytic and photoelectronic properties10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2014.04.002 ↗
27. Chemical vs thermal exfoliation of g-C3N4 for NOx removal under visible light irradiation10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.07.078 ↗
28. Exfoliation of Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Enhanced Oxidative Desulfurization: A Facile and General Strategy10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b05553 ↗
29. Carbon Nitride Coupled Co3O4: A Pyrolysis-Based Approach for High-Performance Hybrid Energy Storage10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02030 ↗
30. Chemical exfoliation of graphitic carbon nitride for efficient heterogeneous photocatalysis10.1039/c3ta13188b ↗
31. Enhanced photoresponsive ultrathin graphitic-phase C3N4 nanosheets for bioimaging10.1021/ja308249k ↗
32. Exfoliated graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets as efficient catalysts for hydrogen evolution under visible light10.1002/adma.201204453 ↗
33. Activation of carbon nitride solids by protonation: Morphology changes, enhanced ionic conductivity, and photoconduction experiments10.1021/ja808329f ↗
34. Graphene-like carbon nitride nanosheets for improved photocatalytic activities10.1002/adfm.201200922 ↗
35. Evaluation of friction of conventional and metal-insert ceramic brackets in various bracket-archwire combinations10.1016/S0889-5406(03)00501-8 ↗
36. Relative kinetic frictional forces between sintered stainless steel brackets and orthodontic wires10.1016/S0889-5406(95)70153-2 ↗
37. Resistance to sliding of titanium brackets tested against stainless steel and beta-titanium archwires with second-order angulation in the dry and wet states10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.07.019 ↗
38. Improved orthodontic stainless steel wires coated with inorganic fullerene-like nanoparticles of WS2 impregnated in electroless nickel–phosphorous film10.1016/j.dental.2008.03.030 ↗
39. Friction and wear property of a-CNx coatings sliding against Si3N4 balls in water10.1016/j.wear.2006.11.048 ↗
40. Friction and wear property of a-CNx coatings sliding against ceramic and steel balls in water10.1016/j.diamond.2005.06.025 ↗
41. Friction and wear properties of CN x/SiC in water lubrication10.1007/s11249-004-1771-x ↗
42. Friction, wear and N2-lubrication of carbon nitride coatings: A review10.1016/S0043-1648(03)00334-X ↗
43. Tribological properties of carbon nitride overcoat for thin-film magnetic rigid disks10.1016/S0257-8972(96)03072-1 ↗
44. Study of CNx films on 316L stainless steel for orthodontic application10.1016/j.diamond.2010.02.040 ↗
45. Improved corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of biodegradable magnesium alloy by coating graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4)10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.08.180 ↗
46. Magnesium and its alloys as orthopedic biomaterials: A review10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.10.003 ↗
47. Surface integrity and process mechanics of laser shock peening of novel biodegradable magnesium–calcium (Mg–Ca) alloy10.1016/j.jmbbm.2010.05.003 ↗
48. Surface characterization and cytotoxicity response of biodegradable magnesium alloys10.1016/j.msec.2015.01.017 ↗
49. The history of biodegradable magnesium implants: A review10.1016/j.actbio.2010.02.028 ↗
50. Electrochemical corrosion behavior of amorphous carbon nitride thin films10.1016/j.vacuum.2011.07.053 ↗
51. Tribological and electrochemical properties of AISI D3 steel coated with hafnium carbon nitride10.24874/ti.2018.40.03.14 ↗
52. Corrosion performance of ultrathin carbon nitride overcoats synthesized by magnetron sputtering10.1016/S0040-6090(00)01415-2 ↗
53. Influence of N atomic percentages on cell attachment for CNx coatings10.1007/BF02711178 ↗
54. Ultra-thin silicon carbon nitride film: A promising protective coating for read/write heads in magnetic storage devices10.1088/0256-307X/26/6/065203 ↗
55. Ultrasmooth CN/sub x/overcoats for next-generation hard disks10.1109/TMAG.2003.809013 ↗
56. Tribological properties of extremely thin protective carbon nitride films deposited on magnetic discs by complex treatment10.1243/13506501JET124 ↗
57. Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition—Technological Design Of Functional Coatings10.1515/amm-2015-0228 ↗
58. High intensity plasma ion nitriding of orthopedic materials10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.02.047 ↗
59. Improvement of tribological properties of Ti6Al4V by nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation10.1016/S0257-8972(03)00137-3 ↗
60. Triode plasma nitriding and PVD coating: A successful pre-treatment combination to improve the wear resistance of DLC coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.08.070 ↗
61. Electrochemical study of laser nitrided and PVD TiN coated Ti–6Al–4V alloy: The observation of selective dissolution10.1016/S0257-8972(01)01326-3 ↗
62. Tribological and electrochemical performance of PVD TiN coatings on the femoral head of Ti–6Al–4V artificial hip joints10.1016/S0257-8972(02)00630-8 ↗
63. Sliding wear of titanium nitride thin films deposited on Ti–6Al–4V alloy by PVD and plasma nitriding processes10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.08.110 ↗
64. The Tribological Performance of Surface Treated Ti6A14V as Sliding Against Si3N4 Ball and 316L Stainless Steel Cylinder10.1007/s11665-016-2384-x ↗
65. Plasma and nitrides: Application to the nitriding of titanium10.1351/pac199062091743 ↗
66. The effect of surface topography on tribo-oxidation of titanium nitrided surfaces10.1088/0022-3727/25/5/023 ↗
67. Structure, characterization and cytotoxicity study on plasma surface modified Ti–6Al–4V and γ-TiAl alloys10.1016/j.cej.2013.10.091 ↗
68. Influence of Electropolishing and Magnetoelectropolishing on Corrosion and Biocompatibility of Titanium Implants10.1007/s11665-014-1205-3 ↗
69. A new duplex process for corrosion protection by PI310.1016/j.matlet.2008.02.009 ↗
70. Enhanced Tribological, Electrochemical, and Biocompatibility Properties of Ti6Al4V Alloy Through Gas Nitriding and CN Coating Deposition10.1007/s11665-018-3642-x ↗
71. Single layer and multilayer wear resistant coatings of (Ti,Al)N: A review10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00259-9 ↗
72. Influence of Ti addition on the properties of W–Ti–C/N sputtered films10.1016/S0257-8972(03)00328-1 ↗
73. Characteristics of Ti–Nb, Ti–Zr and Ti–Al containing hydrogenated carbon nitride films10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2008.12.001 ↗
74. Hard tribological Ti–B–N, Ti–Cr–B–N, Ti–Si–B–N and Ti–Al–Si–B–N coatings10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.02.126 ↗
75. Wear behavior of DC unbalanced magnetron sputter deposited ZrCN films10.1016/j.matlet.2005.04.064 ↗
76. (Zr,Ti)CN coatings as potential candidates for biomedical applications10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.03.074 ↗
77. Structural analysis of (Cr1−xSix)N coatings and tribological property in water environment10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.08.150 ↗
78. High-speed wear behaviors of CrSiN coatings for the industrial applications of water hydraulics10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.08.059 ↗
79. Influence of trimethylsilane flow on the microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of CrSiCN coatings in water lubrication10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.07.146 ↗
80. Microstructure and water-lubricated friction and wear properties of CrN(C) coatings with different carbon contents10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.01.027 ↗
81. An analysis on tribological performance of CrCN coatings with different carbon contents in seawater10.1016/j.triboint.2015.07.002 ↗
82. Effects of carbon content on the microstructure and mechanical property of cathodic arc evaporation deposited CrCN thin films10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.01.009 ↗
83. Effects of Si addition on the characteristic evolution and syntheses of nanocomposite Cr–Si–C–N coatings prepared by a hybrid coating system10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.08.042 ↗
84. Structure and properties of CrSiCN coatings deposited by pulsed dc magnetron sputtering for wear and erosion protection10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.12.068 ↗
85. Microstructure and tribological properties of CrN and CrSiCN coatings10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.06.033 ↗
86. Tribological Properties of Cr(Si)CN Coatings Sliding Against Different Mating Balls in Water10.1007/s11665-019-03926-2 ↗
87. Microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of magnetron sputtered VCN films10.1080/02670844.2016.1277630 ↗
88. Carbon doping to improve the high temperature tribological properties of VN coating10.1016/j.triboint.2016.01.054 ↗
89. Understanding corrosion and tribology behaviors of VN and VCN coatings in seawater10.1007/s42864-019-00002-z ↗
90. Synthesis of a new orthorhombic form of diamond in varying-C VN films: Microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.03.126 ↗
91. Enhanced anti-wear property of VCN coating in seawater with the optimization of bias voltage10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.12.014 ↗
92. Deposition of hard and adherent TiBCN films for cutting tools applications10.1002/pssa.201228130 ↗
93. Bias effects on the tribological behavior of cathodic arc evaporated CrTiAlN coatings on AISI 304 stainless steel10.1016/j.tsf.2010.02.012 ↗
94. Influence of bias voltage on structure and tribocorrosion properties of TiSiCN coating in artificial seawater10.1016/j.matchar.2017.03.012 ↗
95. Influence of carbon contents on the structure and tribocorrosion properties of TiSiCN coatings on Ti6Al4V10.1016/j.triboint.2017.01.002 ↗
96. Ti–Si–C–N thin films grown by reactive arc evaporation from Ti3SiC2 cathodes10.1557/jmr.2011.10 ↗
97. Synthesis and characterization of super hard, self-lubricating Ti–Si–C–N nanocomposite coatings10.1016/j.actamat.2007.07.046 ↗
98. Microstructure and tribological behaviour of super-hard Ti–Si–C–N nanocomposite coatings deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition10.1016/j.tsf.2005.08.379 ↗
99. Microstructure and wear behavior of nano C-rich TiCN coatings fabricated by reactive plasma spraying with Ti-graphite powders10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.08.048 ↗
100. The study on TiCN coating prepared by reactive plasma spraying