Effect of Surface Modification of PEEK Artificial Phalanx by 3D Printing on its Biological Activity
Source abstract
Abstract
Objective: Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is widely used as an orthopedic implant material owing to its good biocompatibility and mechanical strength; however, PEEK implants are biologically inert, resulting in suboptimal cellular responses after implantation. The aim of this study was to enhance the biological activity of PEEK through sulfonation treatment. Methods: In this study, distal phalangeal implants of PEEK were customized by fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing technology and soaked in concentrated sulfuric acid at different times to obtain sulfonated PEEK (SPEEK). The groups were divided into five groups according to the sulfonation time as follows: 0 min (control group), 1 min (group SPEEK1), 2 min (group SPEEK2), 4 min (group SPEEK4), and 8 min (group SPEEK8). Then the physicochemical characteristics of implants were determined by SEM, XRD, EDS, etc. The implants were co-cultured with stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), and then the cell proliferation, adhesion, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and alizarin red staining were performed to detect the biological activity, biocompatibility, and osteogenic activity of the SPEEK implants. Results: The sulfonation time range of 1 to 8 min could promote the formation of micropores on the surface of PEEK implants, while slightly affecting the composition and compression performance of the implants. Compared with the control group, the hydrophilicity of PEEK materials was not improved after sulfonation treatment. Tests for adhesion and proliferation of SHED indicated that SPEEK2 showed superior biocompatibility. Furthermore, ALP activity and semi-quantitative analysis of Alizarin red staining showed that the osteogenic activity of SPEEK2 phalanges exhibited significantly stronger osteogenic activity than the other groups. Conclusions: The method presented here provides a promising approach to improve the surface bioactivity of PEEK implants prepared by FDM, providing a shred of primary evidence to support the application of SPEEK in orthopedics.
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Research context
OpenAlex topics: Bone Tissue Engineering Materials · Dental Implant Techniques and Outcomes · Dental materials and restorations
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Mechanical Engineering College, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
Funding
Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province, China · Medical Scientific Research Project of Chengdu City, China · Open Fund Project of Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology Engineering Laboratory, Sichuan Province, China · the Industry-University Cooperative Education Program of Ministry of Education, China · Higher Education Talent Training Quality and Teaching Reform Project of the Education Department of Sichuan Province, China · the National College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of China
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