Experimental Analysis of Cavitation Erosion: Parameter Sensitivity and Testing Protocols
Source abstract
Abstract
The scientific goal of this study was to investigate the effects of various parameters on cavitation-induced erosion, with the aim to enhance the understanding and assessment of cavitation resistance in hydraulic systems. Cavitation erosion poses significant challenges to the durability and efficiency of hydraulic components, such as those found in hydropower plants and pumping stations. Prompted by the need to improve the reliability of cavitation testing and material assessment, this research conducted a comprehensive sensitivity analysis of a cavitation jet apparatus (CJA). This study employed an experimental platform that consisted of a vertical cylindrical test tank, a submerged nozzle, and an aluminum sample. By examining a range of orifice diameters, this research identified that smaller diameters led to increased erosion intensity, with the most pronounced effects observed at a diameter of 2 mm. Furthermore, various standoff distances (SoDs) were tested, which revealed that shorter distances resulted in greater erosion, with the highest impact noted at an SoD of 5 cm. This study also evaluated different nozzle geometries, where it was found that a 132° conical sharped edges nozzle, combined with an orifice diameter of 2 mm and an SoD of 5 cm, produced the most severe erosion. Conversely, chamfered edges nozzles and a commercial nozzle (MEG2510) with an SoD of 10 cm or greater showed reduced erosion. These results highlight that by standardizing the testing duration to 1200 s, the CJA could reliably assess the cavitation resistance of materials. This study established a clear relationship between increased pressure and higher impact forces, which led to more severe erosion. The findings underscore the effectiveness of the CJA in evaluating material resistance under various cavitation conditions, thus addressing a critical need for reliable cavitation testing tools.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Cavitation Phenomena in Pumps · Ultrasound and Cavitation Phenomena · Coal Combustion and Slurry Processing
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design (FECFAU), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-852, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan (USB), Zahedan 98155-987, Iran
Funding
Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)) · São Paulo Research Foundation (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) · National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) · Fundo de Apoio ao Ensino, à Pesquisa e à Extensão (Faepex)
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