Caffeine and TiO2 Nanoparticles Treatment of Spruce and Beech Wood for Increasing Transparent Coating Resistance against UV-Radiation and Mould Attacks
Source abstract
Abstract
The effect of the initial modification of beech and spruce wood using a solution of caffeine and of a commercial product FN-NANO® FN-1 containing a water dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles for increasing the service life of a transparent oil and acrylate coatings during 6 weeks of artificial accelerated weathering was tested. Changes in colour, gloss, and the contact angle of water were monitored. Degradation of the coating film was also evaluated visually and microscopically. The resistance of the coatings to mould growth was also subsequently tested. Based on the results, it is possible to recommend the initial treatment of spruce and beech wood with a 2% caffeine solution or 15% solution of FN-NANO® dispersion to increase the overall life of a transparent acrylic coating in exterior applications. No positive effect of the applied treatments was observed with the oil coating. In addition, lower concentrations of FN-NANO® did not have a sufficient effect, and the synergistic effect of using FN-NANO® in a mixture with a 1% caffeine solution was also not confirmed.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Wood Treatment and Properties · Lignin and Wood Chemistry · Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
Department of Materials Engineering and Chemistry, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic
Funding
Grantová Agentura České Republiky · EVA 4.0 financed by OP RDE
References (51)
Show source-provided references
1. Kržišnik, D., Lesar, B., Thaler, N., and Humar, M. (2018). Influence of natural and artificial weathering on the colour change of different wood and wood-based materials. Forests, 9.10.3390/f9080488 ↗
2. Feist, W.C. (1983). Weathering and Protection of Wood, American Wood-Preservers’ Association.10.1021/ba-1984-0207.ch011 ↗
3. Resistance of different wood-based materials against mould fungi: A comparison of methods10.1007/s00107-020-01554-5 ↗
4. Modelling mould growth on coated modified and unmodified wood substrates exposed outdoors10.1007/s00226-009-0283-0 ↗
5. Biodeterioration of extrernal architectural paint films—A review10.1016/j.ibiod.2011.09.005 ↗
6. The multifactorial aspect of wood weathering: A review based on a holistic approach of wood degradation protected by clear coating
7. Evans, P.D., Vollmer, S., Kim, J.D.W., Chan, G., and Gibson, S.K. (2016). Improving the performance of clear coatings on wood through the aggregation of marginal gains. Coatings, 6.10.3390/coatings6040066 ↗
8. Surface mould growth on five modified wood substrates coated with three different coating systems when exposed outdoors10.1016/j.ibiod.2008.03.004 ↗
9. The search for durable exterior clear coatings for wood10.3390/coatings5040830 ↗
10. Enhancing the performance of exterior waterborne coatings for wood by inorganic nanosized UV absorbers10.1016/j.porgcoat.2010.08.006 ↗
11. Photodegradation and photostabilisation of wood—The state of the art10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.10.018 ↗
12. Evaluation of the photo stabilising efficiency of clear coatings comprising organic UV absorbers and mineral UV screeners on wood surfaces10.1007/s00226-012-0487-6 ↗
13. Sol-gel deposition of TiO2 nanocoatings on wood surfaces with enhanced hydrophobicity and photostability
14. Sandberg, D. (2016). Additives in Wood Products—Today and Future Development. Environmental Impacts of Traditional and Innovative Forest-Based Bioproducts, Environmental Footprints and Eco-Design of Products and Processes, Springer Science + Business Media Singapore.10.1007/978-981-10-0655-5_4 ↗
15. Reinprecht, L. (2016). Wood Deterioration, Protection and Maintenance, John Wiley & Sons. [1st ed.].10.1002/9781119106500 ↗
16. Antibacterial Activity of TiO2 photocatalyst alone or in coatings on E. coli: The influence of methodological aspects10.3390/coatings4030670 ↗
17. Real test-bed studies at the ETH House of Natural Resources–wood surface protection for outdoor applications
18. Evaluation of the antifungal activity of treated Acacia saligna wood with Paraloid B-72/TiO2 nanocomposites against the growth of Alternaria tenuissima, Trichoderma harzianum and Fusarium culmorum10.15376/biores.12.4.7615-7627 ↗
19. A review on natural products as wood protectant10.1007/s00226-011-0448-5 ↗
20. In vitro studies on antifungal activity of tea (Camellia sinensis) and coffee (Coffea arabica) against wood-rotting fungi10.1002/jobm.3620370302 ↗
21. Resistance of fungal growth on Scots pine treated with caffeine10.1016/j.ibiod.2018.03.007 ↗
22. Antifungal activity of methylxanthines based on their properties10.15376/biores.15.4.8110-8120 ↗
23. Durability of wood treated with AATMOS and caffeine—Towards the long-term carbon storage10.4067/S0718-221X2018005031501 ↗
24. Effects of adding TiO2 nanoparticles to a water-based varnish for wood applied to nine tropical woods of Costa Rica exposed to natural and accelerated weathering10.1007/s11998-016-9848-7 ↗
25. Pánek, M., Hýsek, Š., Dvořák, O., Zeidler, A., Oberhofnerová, E., Šimůnková, K., and Šedivka, P. (2019). Durability of the exterior transparent coatings on nano-photostabilized English oak wood and possibility of its prediction before artificial accelerated weathering. Nanomaterials, 9.10.3390/nano9111568 ↗
26. (2013). EN 335:2013 Durability of Wood and Wood-Based Products—Use Classes: Definitions, Application to Solid Wood and Wood-Based Products, European Committee for Standardization.
27. (2016). EN 350:2016 Durability of Wood and Wood-Based Products—Testing and Classification of the Durability to Biological Agents of Wood and Wood-Based Materials, European Committee for Standardization.
28. Colour stability and surface defects of naturally aged wood treated with transparent paints for exterior constructions
29. Effects of wood roughness, light pigments, and water repellent on the color stability of painted spruce subjected to natural and accelerated weathering10.15376/biores.10.4.7203-7219 ↗
30. Gejdoš, M., Lieskovský, M., Potkány, M., and Nozdrovický, L. (2018). The future perspectives of spruce and fir wood use in selected countries of the Central Europe for wooden constructions. Increasing the Use of Wood in the Global Bio-Economy 2018, WoodEMA. Proceeding paper.
31. How did Swiss forest trees respond to the hot summer 2015?
32. (2008). EN 927-6:2008 Paints and Varnishes. Coating Materials and Coating Systems for Exterior Wood. Exposure of Wood Coatings to Artificial Weathering Using Fluorescent UV Lamps and Water, European Committee for Standardization.
33. Stearns, E.I. (1986). Colorimetry, Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage. [2nd ed.].
34. (2015). EN ISO 2813:2015 Paints and Varnishes, Determination of Gloss Value at 20°, 60° and 85°, European Committee for Standardization.
35. (1982). ČSN 49 0604:1982 Protection of Wood. Methods for Determining the Biocidal Properties of Wood Preservatives, Office for Standardization and Measurement.
36. Wettability, surface free energy and cellulose crystallinity for pine wood (Pinus sp.) modified with chili pepper extracts as natural preservatives10.1007/s10570-018-2007-9 ↗
37. Bulian, F., and Graystone, J. (2009). Wood Coatings—Theory and Practice, Elsevier Science.
38. de Meier, M. (2014, March 09). A Review of Interfacial Aspects in Wood Coatings: Wetting, Surface Energy, Substrate Penetration and Adhesion. COST E18 Final Seminar 2005 16pp. Available online: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260601859.
39. Šimůnková, K., Reinprecht, L., Nábělková, J., Kindl, J., Borůvka, V., Šobotník, J., Lišková, T., and Pánek, M. (2020). Caffeine—Perspective natural biocide for wood protection in interiors against decaying fungi and termites. Prepared for publication.10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127110 ↗
40. Šimůnková, K., Zeidler, A., Schönfelder, O., and Pánek, M. (2020, January 21–22). Impact of modification by caffeine on some surface properties of beech wood. Proceedings of the 9th Hardwood Conference, Sopron, Hungary. (moved due to pandemic to 2021).
41. Analysis of lignin degradation on wood surfaces to create a UV-protecting cellulose rich layer10.1080/20426445.2016.1200826 ↗
42. Yellowing and IR-changes of spruce wood as result of UV-irradiation10.1016/S1011-1344(02)00412-8 ↗
43. Chemical characteristics of surfaces of hardwood and softwood deteriorated by weathering10.1007/BF00833502 ↗
44. Pánek, M., Oberhofnerová, E., Hýsek, Š., Šedivka, P., and Zeidler, A. (2018). Colour stabilization of oak, spruce, larch and Douglas fir heartwood treated with mixtures of nanoparticles dispersions and UV-stabilizers after exposure to UV and VIS-radiation. Materials, 11.10.3390/ma11091653 ↗
45. Studies on the loss of gloss of shellac and polyurethane finishes exposed to UV
46. Pánek, M., Oberhofnerová, E., Zeidler, A., and Šedivka, P. (2017). Efficacy of hydrophobic coatings in protecting oak wood surfaces during accelerated weathering. Coatings, 7.10.3390/coatings7100172 ↗
47. Can existing mould growth models be used to predict mould growth on wooden claddings exposed to transient wetting?10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.01.056 ↗
48. Microbial biodeterioration of electrotechnical insulation materials10.1016/S0964-8305(03)00091-X ↗
49. Resistance of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) after treatment with caffeine and thermal modification against Aspergillus niger10.15376/biores.14.1.1890-1898 ↗
50. Poly(lactic acid)/TiO2 nanocomposites as alternative biocidal and antifungal materials10.1016/j.msec.2015.07.069 ↗
51. Požgaj, A., Chovanec, D., Kurjatko, S., and Babiak, M. (1993). Štruktúra a Vlastnosti Dreva. (Structure and Properties of Wood), Príroda a.s.. [1st ed.].