Optimizing the Microstructure, Mechanical, and Tribological Properties of Si-DLC Coatings on NBR Rubber for Its Potential Applications
Source abstract
Abstract
Si doped diamond-like carbon (Si-DLC) films were deposited on nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), and the effects of deposition parameters on the mechanical and tribological properties of an Si-DLC top layer on NBR were investigated. Then, the sample with the best performance is selected to investigate its tribological behaviors and mechanism under different contact loads. The results show that the growth rate and the doped Si content are also decreased with increasing the CH4 flow rate. The Si atom exists in the form of Si-C bonds at low CH4 flow rate (≤40 sccm) and Si-C + Si-O-C bonds at high CH4 flow rate (≥60 sccm). Furthermore, the sp3 content increases monotonously, while the hardness and H3/E2 ratio firstly decreases and then increases. As a result, the friction and wear behaviors are in line with the change trend of the hardness. The lowest friction coefficient (~0.19) and a slight wear were achieved for the Si-DLC3 film under the relatively high load of 3 N. The tribological results indicate that the friction coefficient and wear increase monotonously with the increase of load, which is mainly attributed to the brittle fragmentation of films at a higher load, and thus a high strength and super toughness DLC films should be needed. Furthermore, the friction and wear behaviors of samples depend critically on its surface topography, and the wear is lower when the friction direction is parallel to the stripes.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research · Metal and Thin Film Mechanics · Lubricants and Their Additives
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Bailie School of Petroleum Engineering, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730070, China
School of Petroleum Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China · Science and Technology Planning Project of Gansu Province · Scientific Research Project of Bureau of Gansu Education · Scientific Research Project of Lanzhou science and technology bureau
References (45)
Show source-provided references
1. Ultralow nanoscale wear through atom-by-atom attrition in silicon-containing diamond-like carbon10.1038/nnano.2010.3 ↗
2. Aijaz, A., Ferreira, F., Oliveira, J., and Kubart, T. (2018). Mechanical Properties of Hydrogen Free Diamond-Like Carbon Thin Films Deposited by High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering with Ne. Coatings, 8.10.3390/coatings8110385 ↗
3. Carbon-based tribofilms from lubricating oils10.1038/nature18948 ↗
4. A near-frictionless and extremely elastic hydrogenated amorphous carbon film with self-assembled dual nanostructure10.1002/adma.201200085 ↗
5. Hatada, R., Flege, S., Ashraf, M.N., Timmermann, A., Schmid, C., and Ensinger, W. (2020). The Influence of Preparation Conditions on the Structural Properties and Hardness of Diamond-Like Carbon Films, Prepared by Plasma Source Ion Implantation. Coatings, 10.10.3390/coatings10040360 ↗
6. Hatada, R., Flege, S., Rimmler, B., Dietz, C., Ensinger, W., and Baba, K. (2019). Surface Structuring of Diamond-Like Carbon Films by Chemical Etching of Zinc Inclusions. Coatings, 9.10.3390/coatings9020125 ↗
7. Properties of flexible DLC film deposited by amplitude-modulated RF P-CVD10.1016/j.triboint.2004.07.007 ↗
8. Physical–chemical hybrid deposition of DLC film on rubber by T-shape filtered-arc-deposition10.1016/j.vacuum.2003.12.079 ↗
9. Fabrication of diamond-like carbon film on rubber by T-shape filtered arc-deposition under the influence of various ambient gases10.1016/j.tsf.2003.12.029 ↗
10. Tribological properties of segment-structured diamond-like carbon films10.1016/j.triboint.2004.07.011 ↗
11. Femtosecond-pulsed laser deposition of diamond-like carbon films onto silicone rubber10.1088/1742-6596/59/1/077 ↗
12. Fracture mechanics of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films coated on flexible polymer substrates10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.12.008 ↗
13. Flexible protective diamond-like carbon film on rubber10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.05.036 ↗
14. Performance of diamond-like carbon-protected rubber under cyclic friction. II. Influence of substrate viscoelasticity on the friction evolution10.1063/1.3665445 ↗
15. Performance of diamond-like carbon-protected rubber under cyclic friction. I. Influence of substrate viscoelasticity on the depth evolution10.1063/1.3665443 ↗
16. Flexible diamond-like carbon films on rubber: Friction and the effect of viscoelastic deformation of rubber substrates10.1016/j.actamat.2012.09.031 ↗
17. Flexible diamond-like carbon films on rubber: On the origin of self-acting segmentation and film flexibility10.1016/j.actamat.2012.07.017 ↗
18. Adhesion and composite micro-hardness of DLC and Si-DLC films deposited on nitrile rubber10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.05.079 ↗
19. Raman analysis of DLC and Si-DLC films deposited on nitrile rubber10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.06.013 ↗
20. Flexibility and frictional behaviour of DLC and Si-DLC films deposited on nitrile rubber10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.11.023 ↗
21. Characteristics and tribological performance of DLC and Si-DLC films deposited on nitrile rubber10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.05.015 ↗
22. Evaristo, M., Fernandes, F., and Cavaleiro, A. (2020). Room and High Temperature Tribological Behaviour of W-DLC Coatings Produced by DCMS and Hybrid DCMS-HiPIMS Configuration. Coatings, 10.10.3390/coatings10040319 ↗
23. Nißen, S., Heeg, J., Wienecke, M., Behrend, D., Warkentin, M., Rokosz, K., Gaiaschi, S., and Chapon, P. (2019). Surface Characterization and Copper Release of a-C:H:Cu Coatings for Medical Applications. Coatings, 9.10.3390/coatings9020119 ↗
24. Kanda, K., Suzuki, S., Niibe, M., Hasegawa, T., Suzuki, T., and Saitoh, H. (2020). Local Structure Analysis on Si-Containing DLC Films Based on the Measurement of C K-Edge and Si K-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectra. Coatings, 10.10.3390/coatings10040330 ↗
25. Hatada, R., Flege, S., Ensinger, W., Hesse, S., Tanabe, S., Nishimura, Y., and Baba, K. (2020). Preparation of Aniline-Based Nitrogen-Containing Diamond-Like Carbon Films with Low Electrical Resistivity. Coatings, 10.10.3390/coatings10010054 ↗
26. Mechanical properties of silicon-doped diamondlike carbon films prepared by pulse-plasma chemical vapor deposition10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.03.106 ↗
27. Microstructure and nano-wear property of Si-doped diamond like carbon films deposited by a hybrid sputtering system10.1016/j.matpr.2016.02.032 ↗
28. Properties of a-C:H:Si thin films deposited by middle-frequencymagnetron sputtering10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.04.014 ↗
29. Ultralow friction behaviors of hydrogenated fullerene-like carbon films: Effect of normal load and surface tribochemistry10.1007/s11249-010-9739-5 ↗
30. Solid lubricants: A review10.1007/s10853-012-7038-2 ↗
31. Vacuum tribological properties of a-C:H film in relation to internal stress and applied load10.1016/j.triboint.2013.11.004 ↗
32. The role of hydrogen in tribological properties of diamond-like carbon films10.1016/S0257-8972(01)01417-7 ↗
33. Friction-induced structural transformations of diamond like carbon coatings under various atmospheres
34. The effect of relative humidity on wear of a diamond-like carbon coating10.1016/S0257-8972(02)00905-2 ↗
35. Phenomenological evidence for the wear-induced graphitization model of amorphous hydrogenated carbon coatings10.1016/j.surfcoat.2003.11.006 ↗
36. Monitoring transfer films and friction instabilities with in situ Raman tribometry10.1023/A:1021942830132 ↗
37. Microstructure and chemical bonding of DLC films deposited on ACM rubber by PACVD10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.04.072 ↗
38. Effects of frequency of pulsed substrate bias on structure and properties of silicon-doped diamond-like carbon films by plasma deposition10.1016/j.tsf.2014.11.078 ↗
39. Impacts of substrate bias and dilution gas on the properties of Si incorporated diamond-like carbon films by plasma deposition using organosilane as a Si source10.1016/j.tsf.2018.03.075 ↗
40. A self-lubricated Si incorporated hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) film in simulated acid rain10.1016/j.diamond.2019.02.011 ↗
41. Tailoring the structure and property of silicon-doped diamond-like carbon films by controlling the silicon content10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.07.061 ↗
42. Magnetron reactively sputtered Ti-DLC coatings on HNBR rubber: The influence of substrate bias10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.04.078 ↗
43. Lux, H., Edling, M., Lucci, M., Kitzmann, J., Villringer, C., Siemroth, P., Matteis, F.D., and Schrader, S. (2019). The Role of Substrate Temperature and Magnetic Filtering for DLC by Cathodic Arc Evaporation. Coatings, 9.10.3390/coatings9050345 ↗
44. Grein, M., Gerstenberg, J., von der Heide, C., Bandorf, R., Bräue, G., and Dietzel, A. (2019). Niobium-Containing DLC Coatings on Various Substrates for Strain Gauges. Coatings, 9.10.3390/coatings9070417 ↗
45. Mechanical properties, chemical analysis and evaluation of antimicrobial response of Si-DLC coatings fabricated on AISI 316 LVM substrate by a multi-target DC-RF magnetron sputtering method for potential biomedical applications10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.03.223 ↗