Surface Bio-Functionalization of Anti-Bacterial Titanium Implants: A Review
Source abstract
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) and titanium alloy have been widely used in orthopedics. However, the successful application of titanium implants is mainly limited due to implant-associated infections. The implant surface contributes to osseointegration, but also has the risk of accelerating the growth of bacterial colonies, and the implant surfaces infected with bacteria easily form biofilms that are resistant to antibiotics. Biofilm-related implant infections are a disastrous complication of trauma orthopedic surgery and occur when an implant is colonized by bacteria. Surface bio-functionalization has been extensively studied to better realize the inhibition of bacterial proliferation to further optimize the mechanical functions of implants. Recently, the surface bio-functionalization of titanium implants has been presented to improve osseointegration. However, there are still numerous clinical and non-clinical challenges. In this review, these aspects were highlighted to develop surface bio-functionalization strategies for enhancing the clinical application of titanium implants to eliminate implant-associated infections.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Bone Tissue Engineering Materials · Orthopaedic implants and arthroplasty · Orthopedic Infections and Treatments
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China · Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. Identification of periprosthetic joint infection after total hip arthroplasty
2. Periprosthetic joint infection: Current concepts and outlook10.1302/2058-5241.4.180092 ↗
3. Infection of orthopedic implants and the use of antibiotic-loaded bone cements: A review10.1080/000164701317268978 ↗
4. Treatment of infections associated with surgical implants10.1056/NEJMra035415 ↗
5. Pathogenesis and management of fracture-related infection10.1016/j.cmi.2019.08.006 ↗
6. Periprosthetic joint infection10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61798-0 ↗
7. Time-dependent differences in management and microbiology of orthopaedic internal fixation-associated infections: An observational prospective study with 229 patients10.1016/j.cmi.2018.03.040 ↗
8. Antimicrobial coated implants in trauma and orthopaedics–A clinical review and risk-benefit analysis10.1016/j.injury.2016.12.011 ↗
9. Shigita, S., Tsurumi, H., and Naka, H. (2010). Antiviral Fiber, Process for Producing the Fiber, and Textile Product Comprising the Fiber. (US20100086617A1).
10. Antibacterial TiO2 coating incorporating silver nanoparticles by microarc oxidation and ion implantation
11. Silver(I), mercury(II), cadmium(II), and zinc(II) target exposed enzymic iron-sulfur clusters when they toxify escherichia coli10.1128/AEM.07368-11 ↗
12. Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of copper and zinc-doped hydroxyapatite nanopowders10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.03.124 ↗
13. Metallic copper as an antimicrobial surface10.1128/AEM.02766-10 ↗
14. In vitro antibacterial properties of magnesium metal against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus10.1016/j.actbio.2009.10.007 ↗
15. Furko, M., and Balázsi, C. (2020). Morphological, chemical, and biological investigation of ionic substituted, pulse current deposited calcium phosphate coatings. Materials, 13.10.3390/ma13204690 ↗
16. Enhancement of antimicrobial and long-term biostability of the zinc-incorporated hydroxyapatite coated 316L stainless steel implant for biomedical application10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.12.019 ↗
17. Herber, V., Okutan, B., Antonoglou, G., Sommer, N., and Payer, M. (2021). Bioresorbable magnesium-based alloys as novel biomaterials in oral bone regeneration: General review and clinical perspectives. J. Clin. Med., 10.10.3390/jcm10091842 ↗
18. Bacterial killing by dry metallic copper surfaces10.1128/AEM.01599-10 ↗
19. Antimicrobial gold nanoclusters10.1021/acsnano.7b02035 ↗
20. The density of surface coating can contribute to different antibacterial activities of gold nanoparticles10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01196 ↗
21. Antibacterial approaches in tissue engineering using metal ions and nanoparticles: From mecha-nisms to applications
22. Antibacterial biomaterials in bone tissue engineering10.1039/D0TB02983A ↗
23. Antimicrobial activity of metals: Mechanisms, molecular targets and applications10.1038/nrmicro3028 ↗
24. Mesoporous electroactive silver doped calcium borosilicates: Structural, antibacterial and myogenic potential relationship of improved bio-ceramics-ScienceDirect
25. Clinical spectroscopy: Seventy cases of generalized argyrosis following organic and colloidal silver medication, including a biospectrometric analysis of ten cases10.1001/jama.1935.02760160011004 ↗
26. First clinical experience with a mechanical valve with silver coating
27. Biocompatibility of silver-modified polyester for antimicrobial protection of prosthetic valves
28. Tentative reference values for gold, silver and platinum: Literature data analysis10.1016/0048-9697(92)90219-I ↗
29. Evaluation of metal-based antimicrobial compounds for the treatment of bacterial pathogens10.1099/jmm.0.001363 ↗
30. How safe is silver in wound care?10.12968/jowc.2004.13.4.26596 ↗
31. Copper and copper nanoparticles toxicity and their impact on basic functions in the body10.4149/BLL_2019_065 ↗
32. and C.K. Chow, Copper toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidant nutrients10.1016/S0300-483X(03)00159-8 ↗
33. Determination of an acute no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for copper in water10.1006/rtph.2001.1492 ↗
34. Confirmation of an acute no-observed-adverse-effect and low-observed-adverse-effect level for copper in bottled drinking water in a multi-site international study10.1016/j.yrtph.2003.08.001 ↗
35. Copper and alzheimer’s disease10.1007/978-3-319-60189-2_10 ↗
36. Impacts of simultaneous exposure to arsenic (III) and copper (II) on inflammatory response, immune homeostasis, and heat shock response in chicken thymus10.1016/j.intimp.2018.08.021 ↗
37. He, L., Zhang, X., Liu, B., Tian, Y., and Ma, W. (2016). Effect of magnesium ion on human osteoblast activity. Braz. J. Med Biol. Res., 49.10.1590/1414-431x20165257 ↗
38. High magnesium inhibits human osteoblast differentiation in vitro10.1684/mrh.2011.0271 ↗
39. Gold nanoparticles are taken up by human cells but do not cause acute cytotoxicity10.1002/smll.200400093 ↗
40. Enhancing surface free energy and hydrophilicity through chemical modification of microstructured titanium implant surfaces10.1002/jbm.a.30518 ↗
41. Assessing the biocompatibility of degradable metallic materials: State-of-the-art and focus on the potential of genetic regulation10.1016/j.actbio.2010.02.027 ↗
42. The history of biodegradable magnesium implants: A review10.1016/j.actbio.2010.02.028 ↗
43. Surface modification of nanoscale fillers for improving properties of polymer nanocomposites: A review10.1179/174328406X101247 ↗
44. Nanoscale surface modifications of medically relevant metals: State-of-the art and perspectives10.1039/C0NR00485E ↗
45. Biodegradable polymer matrix nanocomposites for tissue engineering: A review10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.06.007 ↗
46. Adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblasts on surface-modified materials de-veloped for bone implants10.33549/physiolres.932045 ↗
47. Nanosurfaces and nanostructures for artificial orthopedic implants10.2217/17435889.2.6.861 ↗
48. Plasma-sprayed carbon nanotube reinforced hydroxyapatite coatings and their interaction with human os-teoblasts in vitro10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.09.013 ↗
49. Chitosan: A versatile biopolymer for orthopaedic tissue-engineering10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.03.016 ↗
50. Nanoscale surface modifications of orthopaedic implants: State of the art and per-spectives10.2174/1874325001610010920 ↗
51. Antimicrobial supported nanoparticles: Gold versus silver for the cases of escherichia coli and salmonella typhi10.1016/j.micromeso.2012.11.036 ↗
52. A review on the application of inorganic nano-structured materials in the modification of textiles: Focus on anti-microbial properties10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.03.029 ↗
53. Facile preparation and characterization of highly antimicrobial colloid Ag or Au nanoparticles10.1016/j.jcis.2008.05.063 ↗
54. Layer-by-layer assembly of silver nanoparticles embedded polyelectrolyte multilayer on magnesium alloy with enhanced antibacterial property10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.12.018 ↗
55. Ag-incorporated FHA coating on pure Mg: Degradation and in vitro antibacterial properties10.1021/acsami.5b10825 ↗
56. Silver nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents10.3390/molecules20058856 ↗
57. Chang, M.-H., Hsiao, Y.-P., Hsu, C.-Y., and Lai, P.-S. (2018). Photo-crosslinked polymeric matrix with antimicrobial functions for excisional wound healing in mice. Nanomaterials, 8.10.3390/nano8100791 ↗
58. Influence of silver-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite coating on biofilm formation of joint prosthesis and its mechanism
59. Silver nanoparticle-enriched diamond-like carbon implant modification as a mammalian cell compatible surface with antimicrobial properties10.1038/srep22849 ↗
60. Plasma immersion ion implantation of polymers and silver–polymer nano composites10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.10.044 ↗
61. Pauksch, L., Hartmann, S., Szalay, G., Alt, V., and Lips, K.S. (2014). In vitro assessment of nanosilver-functionalized PMMA bone cement on primary human mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts. PLoS ONE, 9.10.1371/journal.pone.0114740 ↗
62. Copper-Doped Bioactive Glass As Filler for PMMA-based bone cements: Morphological, mechanical, reac-tivity, and preliminary antibacterial characterization10.3390/ma11060961 ↗
63. Epidermal growth factor: Layered silicate nanocomposites for tissue regeneration10.1021/bm200616v ↗
64. Study of the biological effectiveness of a nanosilver-epidermal growth factor sustained-release carrier10.3892/etm.2013.952 ↗
65. A silver ion-doped calcium phosphate-based ceramic nanopowder-coated prosthesis increased infection re-sistance10.1007/s11999-013-2894-x ↗
66. Toxicological effect of ZnO nanoparticles based on bacteria10.1021/la7035949 ↗
67. Antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticle suspensions on a broad spectrum of microorganisms10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.01012.x ↗
68. Zinc oxide nanostructures: Growth, properties and applications10.1088/0953-8984/16/25/R01 ↗
69. Characterization and antibacterial properties of genipin-crosslinked chitosan/poly(ethylene glycol)/ZnO/Ag nanocomposites10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.02.058 ↗
70. Antibacterial infection and immune-evasive coating for orthopedic implants10.1126/sciadv.abb0025 ↗
71. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of silver nanoparticles on Escherichia coli10.1007/s00253-009-2159-5 ↗
72. Antibacterial effects of carbon nanotubes: Size does matter!10.1021/la800951v ↗
73. Charge-associated effects of fullerene derivatives on microbial structural integrity and central metabolism10.1021/nl063020t ↗
74. Killing of bacteria by copper surfaces involves dissolved copper10.1128/AEM.00424-10 ↗
75. Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles by cell-biomass and supernatant of Lactobacillus plantarum TA4 and its antibacterial and biocompatibility properties10.1038/s41598-020-76402-w ↗
76. Effects of surface chemistry on the generation of reactive oxygen species by copper nanoparticles10.1021/nn300445d ↗
77. Cytotoxic origin of copper(II) oxide nanoparticles: Comparative studies with micron-sized particles, leachate, and metal salts10.1021/nn2020248 ↗
78. The toxic effects and mechanisms of CuO and ZnO nanoparticles10.3390/ma5122850 ↗
79. Magnesium-zinc scaffold loaded with tetracycline for tissue engineering application: In vitro cell biology and antibacterial activity assessment10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.010 ↗
80. The antibacterial and angiogenic effect of magnesium oxide in a hydroxyapatite bone substitute10.1038/s41598-020-76063-9 ↗
81. A peritectic phase refines the microstructure and enhances Zn implants10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.04.037 ↗
82. Inhibition of E. coli growth by fullerene derivatives and inhibition mechanism10.1016/S0960-894X(99)00515-6 ↗
83. Biological applications of fullerenes10.1016/0968-0896(96)00081-8 ↗
84. In vitro action of carboxyfullerene10.1093/jac/49.4.641 ↗
85. Single-walled carbon nanotube induces oxidative stress and activates nuclear transcription factor-kappaB in human keratinocytes10.1021/nl0507966 ↗
86. Structural and biological properties of carbon nanotube composite films. Mater10.1016/j.mseb.2005.07.007 ↗
87. Prophylaxis and treatment of implant-related infections by local application of antibiotics10.1016/j.injury.2006.04.015 ↗
88. Local drug delivery to the bone by drug-releasing implants: Perspectives of nano-engineered titania nanotube arrays10.4155/tde.12.66 ↗
89. Blended chitosan paste for in-fection prevention: Preliminary and preclinical evaluations10.1007/s11999-017-5231-y ↗
90. Review of titanium surface modification techniques and coatings for antibacterial applications10.1016/j.actbio.2018.10.036 ↗
91. Electrospun vancomycin-loaded coating on titanium implants for the prevention of implant-associated in-fections
92. Oshima, S., Sato, T., Honda, M., Suetsugu, Y., Ozeki, K., and Kikuchi, M. (2020). Fabrication of gentamicin-loaded hydroxyapatite/collagen bone-like nanocomposite for anti-infection bone void fillers. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.10.3390/ijms21020551 ↗
93. Recent coating developments for combination devices in orthopedic and dental applications: A literature review10.1016/j.addr.2017.01.007 ↗
94. Gentamicin-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles for the prevention of maxillofacial and ortho-pedic implant infections10.1016/j.msec.2016.03.064 ↗
95. Assessing the bioactivity of gentamicin-preloaded hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite coating on titanium substrate10.1021/acsomega.0c01583 ↗
96. Projected economic burden of periprosthetic joint infection of the hip and knee in the united states10.1016/j.arth.2020.12.005 ↗
97. Adsorption and exchangeability of fibronectin and serum albumin protein corona on annealed poly-electrolyte multilayers and their consequences on cell adhesion10.1002/admi.201900008 ↗
98. Thermal annealing of polyelectrolyte multilayers: An effective approach for the enhancement of cell adhesion10.1002/admi.201600126 ↗
99. The interaction of cells and bacteria with surfaces structured at the nanometre scale10.1016/j.actbio.2010.04.001 ↗
100. Wetting and roughness10.1146/annurev.matsci.38.060407.132434 ↗