Investigation of the Lightning Impulse Breakdown Voltage of Mineral Oil based Fe3O4 Nanofluids
Source abstract
Abstract
The recent interest in the development of nanomaterials has led researchers to the study of their electrical properties and the applications that they may have as insulating materials. One of these applications is the use of nanofluids as electrical insulation of power transformers. It has been reported that the dielectric properties of insulating liquids in which small amounts of nanoparticles have been dispersed are, in some cases, superior to those of the base fluids. Although these materials are promising, and their application could lead to advantages for the transformer design and reliability in the future, more research is necessary to evaluate different combination of materials under a wider range of experimental conditions. In this paper, a research on the lightning impulse breakdown voltage of mineral oil and several Fe3O4-based nanofluids is presented. Fluids prepared with different concentrations of nanoparticles were subjected to impulse lightning voltages considering both positive and negative polarities. As shown in this work the positive impulse breakdown voltage of the liquids showed improvements of up to 50%; in the case of the negative impulses not significant improvements were obtained.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation · High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena · Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Electrical Engineering Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain
References (41)
Show source-provided references
1. Segal, V., Hjortsberg, A., Rabinovich, A., Nattrass, D., and Raj, K. (1998, January 7–10). AC (60 Hz) and impulse breakdown strength of a colloidal fluid based on transformer oil and magnetite nanoparticles. Proceedings of the Conference Record of the 1998 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation (Cat. No.98CH36239), Arlington, VA, USA.
2. An investigation of power transformer cooling with magnetic fluids
3. A review on properties, opportunities, and challenges of transformer oil-based nanofluids10.1155/2016/8371560 ↗
4. Improvement of transformer liquid insulation using nanodielectric fluids: A review10.1109/MEI.2018.8345357 ↗
5. A review on preparation, characterization, properties and applications of nano fl uids10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.055 ↗
6. Preparation and heat transfer properties of nanoparticle-in-transformer oil dispersions as advanced energy-efficient coolants10.1016/j.cap.2007.04.060 ↗
7. Dielectric breakdown strength of magnetic nano fl uid based on insulation oil after impulse test10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.09.022 ↗
8. Zhou, J.Q., Du, Y.F., Chen, M.T., Li, C.R., Li, X.X., and Lv, Y.Z. (2011, January 16–19). AC and lightning breakdown strength of transformer oil modified by semiconducting nanoparticles. Proceedings of the Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, CEIDP, Cancun, Mexico.
9. Ultrastable natural ester-based nanofluids for high voltage insulation applications10.1021/acsami.6b06084 ↗
10. Statistical investigation of AC breakdown voltage of nanofluids compared with mineral and natural ester oil10.1049/iet-smt.2016.0031 ↗
11. Effects of conductivity and permittivity of nanoparticle on transformer oil insulation performance: Experiment and theory10.1109/TDEI.2014.004277 ↗
12. (2019). ASTM D3300-12: Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Under Impulse Conditions, ASTM.
13. Commission International Electrotechnical (1987). IEC 60897:1987 Methods for the Determination of the Lightning Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids, Commission International Electrotechnical.
14. Lightning Properties of Selected Insulating Synthetic Esters and Mineral Oil in Point-to-Sphere Electrode System10.1109/TDEI.2018.007069 ↗
15. Rafiq, M., Yi, K., Li, C., Lv, Y., Numan, M., and Nasir, U. (2016, January 20–21). Effect of Fe3O4 Nanoparticle Size on Impulse Breakdown Strength of Mineral Oil-Based Nanofluids. Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering (ICSAE), Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
16. Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on streamer propagation in transformer oil under lightning impulse voltage10.1109/TDEI.2016.7556485 ↗
17. Géophysiques, Breakdown of liquids in long gaps: Influence of distance, impulse shape, liquid nature, and interpretation of measurements10.1109/TDEI.2015.005217 ↗
18. Liu, Q., Wang, Z.D., and Perrot, F. (2009, January 18–21). Impulse Breakdown Voltages of Ester-based Transformer Oils Determined by Using Different Test Methods. Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, Virginia Beach, VA, USA.10.1109/CEIDP.2009.5377741 ↗
19. Comparative analysis of lightning breakdown voltage of natural ester liquids of different viscosities supported by light emission measurement10.1109/TDEI.2017.006467 ↗
20. Prebreakdown phenomena in liquids: Propagation ‘modes’ and basic physical properties10.1088/0022-3727/49/14/144001 ↗
21. Effects of impulse voltage polarity, peak amplitude, and rise time on streamers initiated from a needle electrode in transformer oil10.1109/TPS.2011.2181961 ↗
22. (2019, November 28). Available online: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/512f/4e9992c567e45ee96258dd54b3a6b6a3447a.pdf.
23. Sugumaran, P. (2012, January 17–20). Experimental Evaluation on Dielectric and Thermal Characteristics of Nano Filler Added Transformer Oil. Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application, Shanghai, China.
24. Rafiq, M., Li, C., Lv, Y., Yi, K., and Arif, I. (2016, January 5–6). Breakdown Characteristics of Transformer Oil Based Silica Nanofluids. Proceedings of the 2016 19th International Multi-Topic Conference (INMIC), Islamabad, Pakistan.10.1109/INMIC.2016.7840147 ↗
25. The increased dielectric breakdown voltage of transformer oil-based nano fl uids by an external magnetic field10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2012.03.013 ↗
26. Primo, V.A., García, B., Burgos, J.C., and Pérez-Rosa, D. (2019). AC Breakdown voltage of Fe3O4 based nanodielectric fluids. Part 1: Analysis of dry fluids. IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul., in press.10.1109/TDEI.2019.008277 ↗
27. Primo, V.A., García, B., Burgos, J.C., and Pérez-Rosa, D. (2019). AC Breakdown voltage of Fe3O4 based nanodielectric fluid. Part 2: Analysis of fluids with high moisture contents. IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul., in press.10.1109/TDEI.2019.008278 ↗
28. Primo, V.A., Pérez-Rosa, D., García, B., and Cabanelas, J.C. (2019). Evaluation of the Stability of Dielectric Nanofluids for Use in Transformers under Real Operating Conditions. Nanomaterials, 9.10.3390/nano9020143 ↗
29. Evolution and modern approaches of the power transformer cost optimization methods10.3311/PPee.13000 ↗
30. Dahinden, V., Schultz, K., and Küchler, A. (1998). The function of solid insulation in transformers. Transform, 98.
31. Miller, R.G. (1997). Beyond ANOVA: Basics of Applied Statistics, Harold Chapman.10.1201/b15236 ↗
32. McClave, S. (2009). Statistics, University of South Florida. [11th ed.].
33. Muangpratoom, P., Pattanadech, N., Kunakorn, A., and Vittayakorn, W. (2017, January 25–29). Impulse Breakdown Characteristic of Mineral Oil Based Nanofluid. Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL), Manchester, UK.10.1109/ICDL.2017.8124613 ↗
34. Mansour, D.E.A., Atiya, E.G., Khattab, R.M., and Azmy, A.M. (2012, January 14–17). Effect of Titania Nanoparticles on the Dielectric Properties of Transformer Oil-Based Nanofluids. Proceedings of the Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, Montreal, QC, Canada.10.1109/CEIDP.2012.6378779 ↗
35. Hwang, J.G., O’Sullivan, F., Zahn, M., Hjortstam, O., Pettersson, L.A.A., and Liu, R. (2008, January 26–29). Modeling of streamer propagation in transformer oil-based nanofluids. Proceedings of the Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, Quebec, QC, Canada.10.1109/CEIDP.2008.4772777 ↗
36. O’Sullivan, F.M. (2007). A Model for the INITIATION and Propagation of Electrical Streamers in Transformer Oil and Transformer Oil Based Nanofluids. [Ph.D. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science].10.1109/ELINSL.2008.4570312 ↗
37. Comparison of Positive Streamers in Liquid Dielectrics with and without Nanoparticles Simulated with Finite-Element Software10.3390/en11020361 ↗
38. Positive streamer propagation in large oil gaps: Experimental characterization of propagation modes10.1109/94.689425 ↗
39. Yin, N.W. (2013). Nano Dielectric Fluids. (2013/0285781), U.S. Patent.
40. Lv, Y., Rafiq, M., Li, C., and Shan, B. (2017). Study of Dielectric Breakdown Performance of Transformer Oil Based Magnetic Nanofluids. Energies, 10.10.3390/en10071025 ↗
41. Aljure, M. (2018). Streamer inception from ultra-sharp needles in mineral oil based nanofluids. Energies, 11.10.3390/en11082064 ↗