Extreme High-Speed Laser Material Deposition (EHLA) of AISI 4340 Steel
Source abstract
Abstract
A variant of conventional laser material deposition (LMD), extreme high-speed laser material deposition (German acronym: EHLA) is characterized by elevated process speeds of up to 200 m/min, increased cooling rates, and a significantly reduced heat affected zone. This study focuses on the feasibility of using EHLA to apply material onto Fe-based substrate materials with AISI 4340 as a filler material. We studied how three different build-up strategies—consisting of one, three, and five consecutive deposited layers and hence, different thermal evolutions of the build-up volume—influence the metallurgical characteristics such as microstructure, porosity, hardness, and static mechanical properties. We propose a thermo-metallurgical scheme to help understand the effects of the build-up strategy and the thermal evolution on the microstructure and hardness. The tensile strength of the build-up volume was determined and is higher than the ones of forged AISI 4340 material.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes · High Entropy Alloys Studies · Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT, Steinbachstr. 15, 52074 Aachen, Germany
DAP-Digital Additive Production, RWTH Aachen University, Steinbachstr. 15, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
References (24)
Show source-provided references
1. An evaluation of shot peening, residual stress and stress relaxation on the fatigue life of AISI 4340 steel10.1016/S0142-1123(01)00205-5 ↗
2. A comparative study of the fretting fatigue behavior of 4340 steel and PH 13-8 Mo stainless steel10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2006.12.016 ↗
3. Mechanical properties and microstructural features of AISI 4340 high-strength alloy steel under quenched and tempered conditions10.1016/S0924-0136(98)00351-3 ↗
4. Bilinear CTOD/CTOA scheme for characterisation of large range mode I and mixed mode stable crack growth through AISI 4340 steel10.1016/j.nucengdes.2008.06.008 ↗
5. Effect of electroless nickel interlayer on the fatigue strength of chromium electroplated AISI 4340 steel10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2006.07.004 ↗
6. Fatigue in AISI 4340 steel thermal spray coating by HVOF for aeronautic application10.1016/j.proeng.2010.03.174 ↗
7. Wu, Z., Huang, C., Liu, F., Xia, C., and Ke, L. (2019). Microstructure and mechanical properties of 34crnimo6 steel repaired by friction stir processing. Materials, 12.10.3390/ma12020279 ↗
8. Laser beam build-up welding: Precision in repair, surface cladding, and direct 3D metal deposition10.1007/s11666-007-9028-5 ↗
9. Laser cladding of aerospace materials10.1016/S0924-0136(01)01121-9 ↗
10. Laser cladding as repair technology for Ti–6Al–4V alloy: Influence of building strategy on microstructure and hardness10.1016/j.matdes.2015.07.035 ↗
11. Effect of laser clad repair on the fatigue behaviour of ultra-high strength AISI 4340 steel10.1016/j.msea.2014.03.077 ↗
12. Effects of laser cladding on fatigue performance of AISI 4340 steel in the as-clad and machine treated conditions10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.12.020 ↗
13. Evaluation of defect density, microstructure, residual stress, elastic modulus, hardness and strength of laser-deposited AISI 4340 steel10.1016/j.actamat.2014.09.028 ↗
14. (2019, November 20). Digital Photonic Production along the Lines of Industry 4.0. Available online: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/10519/1051907/Digital-photonic-production-along-the-lines-of-industry-40/10.1117/12.2292316.short.
15. EHLA: Extreme High-Speed Laser Material Deposition: Economical and effective protection against corrosion and wear10.1002/latj.201700020 ↗
16. Matthiesen, G. (2018, January 7–9). Additive manufacturing processes in fluid power–properties and opportunities demonstrated at a flow-optimized fitting. Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Hydraulics and Pneumatics – HERVEX, Băile Govora, Romania.
17. Laser cladding as a potential repair technology for damaged aircraft components10.1108/17579861111162914 ↗
18. (2016). ISO 6892-1: 2016: Metallic Materials—Tensile Testing—Part 1: Method of Test at Room Temperature, ISO.
19. (2009). ISO 6892-1: 2009: Metallic Materials—Tensile Testing—Part 1: Method of Test at Room Temperature, ISO.
20. Tribological enhancement of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel through friction-stir processing10.1016/j.wear.2013.01.007 ↗
21. Tempered martensite embrittlement in SAE 4340 steel10.1007/BF02811697 ↗
22. Effects of a laser surface processing induced heat-affected zone on the fatigue behavior of AISI 4340 steel10.1016/j.msea.2007.08.039 ↗
23. Rapid tooling by laser powder deposition: Process simulation using finite element analysis10.1016/j.actamat.2005.05.003 ↗
24. Repairing of sintered tools using laser cladding by wire10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.02.075 ↗