Functionalization of Fabrics with Graphene-Based Coatings: Mechanisms, Approaches, and Functions

Due to their unique surface-active functionalities, graphene and its derivatives, i.e., graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), have received enormous research attention in recent decades. One of the most intriguing research hot spots is the integration of GO and rGO coatings on textiles through dyeing methods, e.g., dip-pad-dry. In general, the GO sheets can quickly diffuse into the fabric matrix and deposit onto the surface of the fibers through hydrogen bonding. The GO sheets can be conformally coated on the fiber surface, forming strong adhesion as a result of the high flakiness ratio, mechanical strength, and deformability. Moreover, multiple functions with application significance, e.g., anti-bacteria, UV protection, conductivity, and wetting control, can be achieved on the GO and rGO-coated fabrics as a result of the intrinsic chemical, physical, electronic, and amphiphilic properties of GO and rGO. On the other hand, extrinsic functions, including self-cleaning, self-healing, directional water transport, and oil/water separation, can be achieved for the GO and rGO coatings by the integration of other functional materials. Therefore, multi-scale, multifunctional, smart fabrics with programmable functions and functional synergy can be achieved by the design and preparation of the hybrid GO and rGO coatings, while advanced applications, e.g., healthcare clothing, E-textiles, anti-fouling ultrafiltration membranes, can be realized. In this review, we aim to provide an in-depth overview of the existing methods for functionalizing fabrics with graphene-based coatings while the corresponding functional performance, underlying mechanisms and applications are highlighted and discussed, which may provide useful insights for the design and fabrication of functional textiles and fabrics for different applications.