Microorganisms Involved in the Biodegradation and Microbiological Corrosion of Structural Materials

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is the process of material degradation in the presence of microorganisms and their biofilms. This is an environmentally assisted type of corrosion, which is highly complex and challenging to fully understand. Different metallic materials, such as steel alloys, magnesium alloys, aluminium alloys, and titanium alloys, have been reported to have adverse effects of MIC on their applications. Though many researchers have reported bacteria as the primary culprit of microbial corrosion, several other microorganisms, including fungi, algae, archaea, and lichen, have been found to cause MIC on metal and non-metal surfaces. However, less attention is given to the MIC caused by fungi, algae, archaea, and lichens. In this review paper, the effects of different microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, algae, archaea, and lichens, on the corrosion properties of engineering materials have been discussed in detail. This review aims to summarize all of the corrosive microorganisms that directly or indirectly cause the degradation of structural materials. Accusing bacteria of every MIC case without a proper investigation of the corrosion site and an in-depth study of the biofilm and secreted metabolites can create problems in understanding the real cause of the materials’ failure. To identify the real corrosion agent in any environment, it is highly important to study all kinds of microorganisms that exist in that specific environment.