Progress in Marine Antifouling Coatings: Current Status and Prospects
Source abstract
Abstract
The shipping industry is vital to global trade. Unfortunately, this industry is negatively impacted on a large scale by biofouling, a process whereby unwanted organisms accumulate on submerged surfaces, massively affecting traveling speed and fuel consumption. Fortunately, antifouling coatings have been developed to combat this problem. This review summarizes the process of biofouling and briefly discusses the history of antifouling coating development. Moreover, eight major antifouling coatings are reviewed, including bionic microstructure, self-polishing, fouling and desorption, zwitterionic polymer, self-assembled thin-layer, liquid-smooth surface, conductive, and photocatalytic antifouling coatings. The technical principles, innovation, and advancement of each coating are expounded, and the relevant research progress is discussed. Finally, the remaining issues and challenges in antifouling coatings are discussed, along with their prospects.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Marine Biology and Environmental Chemistry · Marine Ecology and Invasive Species · Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Unit 92228, People’s Liberation Army, Beijing 100072, China
Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
Funding
National Key R&D Program of China
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. Polymer brush coatings for combating marine biofouling10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.02.002 ↗
2. Marine biofouling: A sticky problem
3. Advances in polymers for anti-biofouling surfaces10.1039/b801491d ↗
4. First record of Anadara transversa (Say, 1822) (Bivalvia: Arcidae) in the Bay of Biscay
5. Biofilms: An emergent form of bacterial life10.1038/nrmicro.2016.94 ↗
6. The battle against marine biofouling: A historical review10.1533/9781845696313.1.19 ↗
7. Are antifouling paint particles a continuous source of toxic chemicals to the marine environment?10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.02.001 ↗
8. Recent progress in marine foul-release polymeric nanocomposite coatings10.1016/j.pmatsci.2017.02.001 ↗
9. Understanding Marine Mussel Adhesion10.1007/s10126-007-9053-x ↗
10. Antifouling paint particles: Sources, occurrence, composition and dynamics10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.064 ↗
11. Environmentally Benign Sol–Gel Antifouling and Foul-Releasing Coatings10.1021/ar400240n ↗
12. Recent advances in emerging integrated antifouling and anticorrosion coatings10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110307 ↗
13. Biomimetic surface coatings for marine antifouling: Natural antifoulants, synthetic polymers and surface microtopography10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144469 ↗
14. Functional polymer materials for modern marine biofouling control10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101516 ↗
15. Degradable vinyl polymers for combating marine biofouling10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00187 ↗
16. Progress in biomimetic leverages for marine antifouling using nanocomposite coatings10.1039/C9TB02119A ↗
17. Antifouling technology trends in marine environmental protection10.1007/s42235-021-0017-z ↗
18. Dynamic surface antifouling: Mechanism and systems10.1039/C8SM01853G ↗
19. Effects of surface texture and interrelated properties on marine biofouling: A systematic review10.1080/08927014.2019.1636036 ↗
20. Silicone-based fouling-release coatings for marine antifouling10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03926 ↗
21. Rittschof, D. (2009). Advances in Marine Antifouling Coatings and Technologies, Woodhead Publishing.
22. The biofouling process: The science behind a valuable phenomenon for aquaculture10.1111/raq.12770 ↗
23. A substrate-independent isocyanate-modified polydimethylsiloxane coating harvesting mechanical durability, self-healing ability and low surface energy with anti-corrosion/biofouling potential10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.152186 ↗
24. Biochemical composition of the marine conditioning film: Implications for bacterial adhesion10.1080/08927010802411969 ↗
25. Effect of surface properties of reverse osmosis membranes on biofouling occurrence under filtration conditions10.1016/j.memsci.2011.07.049 ↗
26. Molecular genetics of bacterial attachment and biofouling10.1016/S0958-1669(98)80055-4 ↗
27. Cell-to-Cell Communication across the Prokaryote-Eukaryote Boundary10.1126/science.1077075 ↗
28. Influences of biofilm-associated ciliates on the settlement of marine invertebrate larvae10.3354/meps09638 ↗
29. Microbial biofilms facilitate adhesion in biofouling invertebrates10.2307/25066663 ↗
30. Biotechnological investigation for the prevention of biofouling. I. Biological and biochemical principles for the prevention of biofouling10.3354/meps123301 ↗
31. A sequence between microfouling and macrofouling in marine biofouling. Monit. Artif. Mater. Microbes Marine Ecosyst. Interact. Assess
32. Trends in the development of environmentally friendly fouling-resistant marine coatings10.1038/ncomms1251 ↗
33. Seasonal variation and vertical zonation of the marine biofouling on a concrete offshore windmill foundation on the Thornton Bank (southern North Sea)
34. CoaST Maritime Test Centre: An investigation of biofouling propensity10.1007/s11998-022-00707-w ↗
35. Adhesion of Fouling Organisms and its Prevention Technique
36. Larval development and settlement of a whale barnacle10.1098/rsbl.2005.0409 ↗
37. Impact of diatomaceous biofilms on the frictional drag of fouling-release coatings10.1080/08927014.2015.1108407 ↗
38. Effects of coating roughness and biofouling on ship resistance and powering10.1080/08927010701461974 ↗
39. Investigating the effect of temporal variation on fouling settlement using a rapid assay method10.1007/s11998-018-00153-7 ↗
40. Development of marine biofilm on plastic: Ecological features in different seasons, temperatures, and light regimes10.1007/s10750-019-3934-7 ↗
41. Development of biofouling communities on nylon net panels submerged in the central Red Sea: Effects of season and depth10.1007/s41208-017-0052-z ↗
42. Amini, N., Rezai, H., Pourjomeh, F., and Ardalan, A.A. (2016). Spatial and Temporal Variations of Biofouling on the Oil Platforms around Khark Island, Persian Gulf, NISCAIR-CSIR.
43. The Characteristic Patterns of Macrofaunal Fouling Assemblages in Nearshore Waters of the South China Sea10.1007/s11802-018-3556-0 ↗
44. Fouling assemblage of benthic plastic debris collected from Mersin Bay, NE Levantine coast of Turkey10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.07.023 ↗
45. Seasonal non-indigenous species succession in a marine macrofouling invertebrate community10.1007/s10530-017-1601-3 ↗
46. The ship hull fouling penalty10.1080/0892701031000088535 ↗
47. Copper and other sheathing in the Royal Navy10.1111/j.1095-9270.2000.tb01453.x ↗
48. Antifouling strategies: History and regulation, ecological impacts and mitigation10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.01.012 ↗
49. Marine paints: The particular case of antifouling paints10.1016/j.porgcoat.2007.01.017 ↗
50. Antifouling technology—Past, present and future steps towards efficient and environmentally friendly antifouling coatings10.1016/j.porgcoat.2003.06.001 ↗
51. SHIPBOTTOM PAINTS: Past, Present and Future Research and Development on Anticorrosive and Antifouling Shipbottom Compositions
52. Investigations on organo-tin compounds. III. The biocidal properties of organo-tin compounds10.1002/jctb.5010040607 ↗
53. Champ, M.A., and Seligman, P.F. (1996). Organotin: Environmental Fate and Effects, Springer.10.1007/978-94-009-1507-7 ↗
54. Tin contamination in Arcachon Bay: Effects on oyster shell anomalies10.1016/0025-326X(86)90636-3 ↗
55. Occurrence of Butyltin Compounds in Tissues of Water Birds and Seaducks from the United States and Canada10.1007/s002449900350 ↗
56. Conductive CNT-PVDF membrane for capacitive organic fouling reduction10.1016/j.memsci.2014.02.017 ↗
57. A review of organotin regulatory strategies, pending actions, related costs and benefits10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00506-4 ↗
58. Modern approaches to marine antifouling coatings10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.08.129 ↗
59. The role of the International Maritime Organization in reducing vessel threat to whales: Process, options, action and effectiveness10.1016/j.marpol.2012.03.008 ↗
60. Mini review: Biomimetic models and bioinspired surfaces for fouling control10.1080/08927014.2010.536837 ↗
61. A lotus leaf based random laser10.1016/j.orgel.2019.03.032 ↗
62. Biomimetic shark skin: Design, fabrication and hydrodynamic function10.1242/jeb.097097 ↗
63. The role of adhesion force in the bouncing height of pesticide nanoparticles on the rice (Oryza sativa) leaf surface10.1016/j.molliq.2018.09.086 ↗
64. Microstructures and Grease Layer of Water Strider and Its Influence on Superhydrophobicity
65. Biomimetic fabrication of robust self-assembly superhydrophobic surfaces with corrosion resistance properties on stainless steel substrate10.1039/C6RA06500G ↗
66. Temperature-induced tunable adhesion of gecko setae/spatulae and their biomimics
67. Microanalysis. Investigation of Morphology and Surface Structure of Stenocara eburnea, Namib Desert Beetle10.1017/S1431927619006214 ↗
68. Diversity and potential correlations to the function of Collembola cuticle structures10.1007/s00435-012-0181-0 ↗
69. Superrepellency of underwater hierarchical structures on Salvinia leaf10.1073/pnas.1900015117 ↗
70. Engineered antifouling microtopographies–effect of feature size, geometry, and roughness on settlement of zoospores of the green alga Ulva10.1080/08927010601136957 ↗
71. Multifunctional micro/nano-patterned PTFE near-superamphiphobic surfaces achieved by a femtosecond laser10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.04.010 ↗
72. Photo-regulated stick-slip switch of water droplet mobility10.1039/c0sm01144d ↗
73. Responsive wetting transition on superhydrophobic surfaces with sparsely grafted polymer brushes10.1039/C0SM00682C ↗
74. Investigation of the biofouling properties of several algae on different textured chemical modified silicone surfaces10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.05.140 ↗
75. Engineered nanoforce gradients for inhibition of settlement (attachment) of swimming algal spores10.1021/la703421v ↗
76. Engineered antifouling microtopographies: Kinetic analysis of the attachment of zoospores of the green alga Ulva to silicone elastomers10.1080/08927014.2011.611305 ↗
77. The role of nano-roughness in antifouling10.1080/08927010903165936 ↗
78. Recent advances in the mechanical durability of superhydrophobic materials10.1016/j.cis.2015.12.007 ↗
79. Mechanical durability of superhydrophobic surfaces: The role of surface modification technologies10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.09.049 ↗
80. Bristle worm inspired ultra-durable superhydrophobic coating with repairable microstructures and anti-corrosion/scaling properties10.1016/j.cej.2022.135273 ↗
81. Robust biomimetic hierarchical diamond architecture with a self-cleaning, antibacterial, and antibiofouling surface10.1021/acsami.0c02460 ↗
82. Bionics and green technology in maritime shipping: An assessment of the effect of Salvinia air-layer hull coatings for drag and fuel reduction10.1098/rsta.2018.0263 ↗
83. Dynamic and active antiscaling via scale inhibitor pre-stored superhydrophobic coating10.1016/j.cej.2020.126467 ↗
84. Surface lurking and interfacial ion release strategy for fabricating a superhydrophobic coating with scaling inhibition10.1016/j.petsci.2022.07.005 ↗
85. Synergistic effect of diethylene triamine penta (methylene phosphonic acid) and graphene oxide barrier on anti-scaling and anti-corrosion performance of superhydrophobic coatings10.1007/s11706-023-0650-z ↗
86. Recent progress of bioinspired scalephobic surfaces with specific barrier layers10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01282 ↗
87. TBT is still a matter of concern in Peru10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.097 ↗
88. Effects of carbon nanotubes on the mechanical strength of self-polishing antifouling paints10.1016/j.porgcoat.2016.04.020 ↗
89. Emerging trends in self-polishing anti-fouling coatings for marine environment10.1007/s42797-021-00031-3 ↗
90. Hull fouling on commercial ships as a vector of macroalgal introduction10.1007/s00227-006-0567-y ↗
91. Levels and trends of tributyltin (TBT) and imposex in dogwhelk (Nucella lapillus) along the Norwegian coastline from 1991 to 201710.1016/j.marenvres.2018.11.011 ↗
92. Antifouling processes and toxicity effects of antifouling paints on marine environment. A review10.1016/j.etap.2017.12.001 ↗
93. The effect of wetting property on anti-fouling/foul-release performance under quasi-static/hydrodynamic conditions10.1016/j.porgcoat.2016.02.018 ↗
94. Degradable polymers for marine antibiofouling: Optimizing structure to improve performance10.1021/acs.iecr.6b02917 ↗
95. Marine biofouling resistance of polyurethane with biodegradation and hydrolyzation10.1021/am4054578 ↗
96. Antifouling and anti-algal effects of chitosan nanocomposite (TiO2/Ag) and pristine (TiO2 and Ag) films on marine microalgae Dunaliella salina10.1016/j.jece.2018.10.050 ↗
97. Fouling-resistant behavior of silver nanoparticle-modified surfaces against the bioadhesion of microalgae10.1021/am500292y ↗
98. Jalaie, A., Afshaar, A., Mousavi, S.B., and Heidari, M. (2023). Investigation of the Release Rate of Biocide and Corrosion Resistance of Vinyl-, Acrylic-, and Epoxy-Based Antifouling Paints on Steel in Marine Infrastructures. Polymers, 15.10.3390/polym15193948 ↗
99. Novel anti-algal nanocomposite hydrogels based on thiol/acetyl thioester groups chelating with silver nanoparticles10.1039/C6NJ02246D ↗
100. Multifunctional polyelectrolyte multilayers as nanofiltration membranes and as sacrificial layers for easy membrane cleaning10.1016/j.jcis.2014.12.019 ↗