Design of a Novel THz Modulator for B5G Communication

Wireless data traffic has expanded at a rate that reminds us of Moore’s prediction for integrated circuits in recent years, necessitating ongoing attempts to supply wireless systems with ever-larger data rates in the near future, despite the under-deployment of 5G networks. Terahertz (THz) communication has been considered a viable response to communication blackout due to the rapid development of THz technology and sensors. THz communication has a high frequency, which allows for better penetration. It is a fast expanding and evolving industry, driven by an increase in wireless traffic volume and data transfer speeds. A THz modulator based on a hybrid metasurface was devised and built in this work. The device’s modulation capabilities were modelled and proved experimentally. The electrolyte is an ion-gel medium implanted between graphene and metasurface, and the active material is graphene. On the metasurface, the interaction between the THz wave and graphene is improved. Additionally, an external bias voltage was employed to actively regulate the THz waves by tuning the electrical conductivity of graphene. The results show that with a minimal bias voltage, the device can achieve a modulation depth of up to 73% at the resonant frequency. Furthermore, during the modulation process, the resonance frequency remains almost constant. As a result, the proposed gadget offers a unique tool for substantial THz amplitude modulation at low voltages.