Mobility Management in Small Cell Cluster of Cellular Network

The installation of small cells in a 5G network extends the maximum coverage and provides high availability. However, this approach increases the handover overhead in the Core Network (CN) due to frequent handoffs. The variation of user density and movement inside a region of small cells also increases the handover overhead in CN. However, the present 5G system cannot reduce the handover overhead in CN under such circumstances because it relies on a traditionally rigid and complex hierarchical sequence for a handover procedure. Recently, Not Only Stack (NO Stack) architecture has been introduced for Radio Access Network (RAN) to reduce the signaling during handover. This paper proposes a system based on NO Stack architecture and solves the aforementioned problem by adding a dedicated local mobility controller to the edge cloud for each cluster. The dedicated cluster controller manages the user mobility locally inside a cluster and also maintains the forwarding data of a mobile user locally. To reduce the latency for X2-based handover requests, an edge cloud infrastructure has been also developed to provide high-computing for dedicated controllers at the edge of a cellular network. The proposed system is also compared with the traditional 3GPP architecture and other works in the context of overhead and delay caused by X2-based handover requests during user mobility. Simulated results show that the inclusion of a dedicated local controller for small clusters together with the implementation of NO Stack framework reduces the significant amount of overhead of X2-based handover requests at CN.