journal article·2022Open access

Deep Q-Learning Based Optimal Query Routing Approach for Unstructured P2P Network

Mohammad Shoab, Abdullah Shawan Alotaibi

Computers, Materials & Continua· Volume 70· Issue 3

Abstract

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is a class of Machine Learning (ML) that combines Deep Learning with Reinforcement Learning and provides a framework by which a system can learn from its previous actions in an environment to select its efforts in the future efficiently. DRL has been used in many application fields, including games, robots, networks, etc. for creating autonomous systems that improve themselves with experience. It is well acknowledged that DRL is well suited to solve optimization problems in distributed systems in general and network routing especially. Therefore, a novel query routing approach called Deep Reinforcement Learning based Route Selection (DRLRS) is proposed for unstructured P2P networks based on a Deep Q-Learning algorithm. The main objective of this approach is to achieve better retrieval effectiveness with reduced searching cost by less number of connected peers, exchanged messages, and reduced time. The simulation results shows a significantly improve searching a resource with compression to k-Random Walker and Directed BFS. Here, retrieval effectiveness, search cost in terms of connected peers, and average overhead are 1.28, 106, 149, respectively.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Caching and Content Delivery · Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies · Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (41)

Show source-provided references
1. Mitchell · Machine Learning · 1997 · 1 · 1
2. Machine learning: A probabilistic perspective
3. An introduction to statistical learning: With applications in R
4. Reinforcement learning based routing in networks: Review and classification of approaches10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2913776 ↗
5. Sutton · Adaptive Computation and Machine Learning Series · 2018
6. A novel nested q-learning method to tackle time-constrained competitive influence maximization10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2888895 ↗
7. Deep reinforcement learning based active queue management for IoT networks10.1007/s10922-021-09603-x ↗
8. J. Torres, “D RL 01: A Gentle Introduction to Deep Reinforcement Learning,” [Online]. Available: https://towardsdatascience.com/drl-01-a-gentle-introduction-to-deep-reinforcement-learning-405b79866bf4 [Accessed on July 14, 2021].
9. DataHubs, “Deep Q-learning 101,” [Online]. Available: https://www.datahubbs.com/deep-q-learning-101/ [Accessed on July 14, 2021].
10. Machine learning for cognitive network management10.1109/MCOM.2018.1700560 ↗
11. Computational intelligence in wireless sensor networks: A survey10.1109/SURV.2011.040310.00002 ↗
12. Machine learning for networking: Workflow, advances and opportunities10.1109/MNET.2017.1700200 ↗
13. Gossiping and broadcasting versus computing functions in networks10.1016/S0166-218X(03)00257-9 ↗
14. Enhancing peer-to-peer content discovery techniques over mobile ad hoc networks10.1016/j.comcom.2009.04.005 ↗
15. Query learning-based scheme for pertinent resource lookup in mobile P2P networks10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2910117 ↗
16. Random walk search in unstructured P2P10.1016/S1004-4132(06)60111-4 ↗
17. Search and replication in unstructured peer-to-peer networks
18. A local search mechanism for peer-to-peer networks
19. Making gnutella-like P2P systems scalable
20. Learning model for efficient query routing in P2P information retrieval systems10.1007/s12083-014-0282-2 ↗
21. Reducing query overhead through route learning in unstructured peer-to-peer network10.1016/j.jnca.2008.09.001 ↗
22. Reinforcement learning based query routing approach for P2P systems10.3390/fi11120253 ↗
23. Intelligent query processing in P2P networks: Semantic issues and routing algorithms10.2298/CSIS180411002N ↗
24. Peer-to-peer architecture case study: Gnutella network
25. Wikipedia, “Napster,” [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Napster&oldid=1001516831 [Accessed on February 07, 2021].
26. Freenet: A distributed anonymous information storage and retrieval system
27. Freenet, “Freenet,” [Online]. Available: https://freenetproject.org/index.html [Accessed on February 10, 2021].
28. Content-based retrieval in hybrid peer-to-peer networks
29. SKIP: An efficient search mechanism in unstructured P2P networks10.1016/S1005-8885(09)60509-4 ↗
30. Semantic methods for P2P query routing
31. Economic impact of climate change on mumbai, India
32. Agents-based algorithm for a distributed information system in internet of things
33. Query-based learning method for query routing in unstructured P2P systems
34. LAAPS: An efficient file-based search in unstructured peer-to-peer networks using reinforcement algorithm10.1080/1206212X.2018.1511319 ↗
35. Formal concept analysis: Mathematical foundations
36. A stable approach for routing queries in unstructured P2P networks10.1109/TNET.2015.2509967 ↗
37. Self-learning routing in unstructured P2P network
38. Fan · Learning for Dynamics and Control · 2020 · 120 · 486
39. Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning10.1038/nature14236 ↗
40. H. Y. Ong, K. Chavez and A. Hong, “Distributed deep q-learning,” arXiv:1508.04186 [cs], 2015. [Online]. Available: http://arxiv.org/abs/1508.04186, [Accessed on July 14, 2021].
41. An efficient and distributed file search in unstructured peer-to-peer networks10.1007/s12083-013-0236-0 ↗