CD-AKA-IoV: A Provably Secure Cross-Domain Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol for Internet of Vehicle

With the rapid development and widespread adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the innovative concept of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has emerged, ushering in a new era of intelligent transportation. Since vehicles are mobile entities, they move across different domains and need to communicate with the Roadside Unit (RSU) in various regions. However, open environments are highly susceptible to becoming targets for attackers, posing significant risks of malicious attacks. Therefore, it is crucial to design a secure authentication protocol to ensure the security of communication between vehicles and RSUs, particularly in scenarios where vehicles cross domains. In this paper, we propose a provably secure cross-domain authentication and key agreement protocol for IoV. Our protocol comprises two authentication phases: intra-domain authentication and cross-domain authentication. To ensure the security of our protocol, we conducted rigorous analyses based on the ROR (Real-or-Random) model and Scyther. Finally, we show in-depth comparisons of our protocol with existing ones from both security and performance perspectives, fully demonstrating its security and efficiency.