Resource Allocation and Optimization in Device-to-Device Communication 5G Networks

The next-generation wireless networks are expected to provide higher capacity, system throughput with improved energy efficiency. One of the key technologies, to meet the demand for high-rate transmission, is device-to-device (D2D) communication which allows users who are close to communicating directly instead of transiting through base stations, and D2D communication users to share the cellular user chain under the control of the cellular network. As a new generation of cellular network technology, D2D communication technology has the advantages of improving spectrum resource utilization and improving system throughput and has become one of the key technologies that have been widely concerned in the industry. However, due to the sharing of cellular network resources, D2D communication causes severe interference to existing cellular systems. One of the most important factors in D2D communication is the spectrum resources utilization and energy consumption which needs considerable attention from research scholars. To address these issues, this paper proposes an efficient algorithm based on the idea of particle swarm optimization. The main idea is to maximize the energy efficiency based on the overall link optimization of D2D user pairs by generating an allocation matrix of spectrum and power. The D2D users are enabled to reuse multiple cellular user’s resources by enhancing their total energy efficiency based on the quality of service constraints and the modification of location and speed in particle swarm. Such constraint also provides feasibility to solve the original fractional programming problem. Simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme effectively improved the energy efficiency and spectrum utilization as compared with other competing alternatives.