Multi-Objective Optimization of External Louvers in Buildings

Because solar energy is among the renewable energies, it has traditionally been used to provide lighting in buildings. When solar energy is effectively utilized during the day, the environment is not only more comfortable for users, but it also utilizes energy more efficiently for both heating and cooling purposes. Because of this, increasing the building’s energy efficiency requires first controlling the amount of light that enters the space. Considering that the only parts of the building that come into direct contact with the sun are the windows, it is essential to make use of louvers in order to regulate the amount of sunlight that enters the building. Through the use of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), the purpose of this study is to estimate the proportions and technical specifications of external louvers, as well as to propose a model for designing the southern openings of educational space in order to maximize energy efficiency and intelligent consumption, as well as to ensure that the appropriate amount of light is provided. According to the findings of this research, the design of external louvers is heavily influenced by a total of five distinct aspects: the number of louvers, the depth of the louvers, the angle of rotation of the louvers, the distance between the louvers and the window, and the reflection coefficient of the louvers. The results of the 2067 simulated case study show that the best reflection rates of the louvers are between 0 and 15 percent, and the most optimal distance between the louvers and the window is in the range of 0 to 18 centimeters. Additionally, the results show that the best distance between the louvers and the window is in the range of 0 to 18 centimeters.