Toward 6G Communication Networks: Terahertz Frequency Challenges and Open Research Issues
Source abstract
Abstract
Future networks communication scenarios by the 2030s will include notable applications are three-dimensional (3D) calls, haptics communications, unmanned mobility, tele-operated driving, bio-internet of things, and the Nano-internet of things. Unlike the current scenario in which megahertz bandwidth are sufficient to drive the audio and video components of user applications, the future networks of the 2030s will require bandwidths in several gigahertzes (GHz) (from tens of gigahertz to 1 terahertz [THz]) to perform optimally. Based on the current radio frequency allocation chart, it is not possible to obtain such a wide contiguous radio spectrum below 90 GHz (0.09 THz). Interestingly, these contiguous blocks of radio spectrum are readily available in the higher electromagnetic spectrum, specifically in the Terahertz (THz) frequency band. The major contribution of this study is discussing the substantial issues and key features of THz waves, which include (i) key features and significance of THz frequency; (ii) recent regulatory; (iii) the most promising applications; and (iv) possible open research issues. These research topics were deeply investigated with the aim of providing a specific, synopsis, and encompassing conclusion. Thus, this article will be as a catalyst towards exploring new frontiers for future networks of the 2030s.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling · Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization · Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (52)
Show source-provided references
1. World Time Zone. 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.worldtimezone.com/5g.html.
2. What should 6G be?10.1038/s41928-019-0355-6 ↗
3. Multi-ray channel modeling and wideband characterization for wireless communications in the terahertz band10.1109/TWC.2014.2386335 ↗
4. 6G: The next frontier: From holographic messaging to artificial intelligence using subterahertz and visible light communication10.1109/MVT.2019.2921162 ↗
5. The roadmap to 6G: AI empowered wireless networks10.1109/MCOM.2019.1900271 ↗
6. Future networks 2030: Architecture and requirements
7. Wireless communications and applications above 100 GHz: Opportunities and challenges for 6G and beyond10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2921522 ↗
8. 1st 6G Wireless Summit, Levi–Lapland–Finland. 2019. [Online]. Available: http://www.6gsummit.com/2019/.
9. Vision, requirements, and technology trend of 6G: How to tackle the challenges of system coverage, capacity, user data-rate and movement speed10.1109/MWC.001.1900333 ↗
10. Terahertz band: The last piece of RF spectrum puzzle for communication systems10.1109/OJCOMS.2019.2953633 ↗
11. Terahertz-enabled wireless system for beyond-5G ultra-fast networks: A brief survey10.1109/MNET.2019.1800430 ↗
12. Sixth generation (6G) wireless networks: Vision, research activities, challenges and potential solutions10.3390/sym12040676 ↗
13. 6G wireless communications: Vision and potential techniques10.1109/MNET.2019.1800418 ↗
14. Terahertz communication for vehicular networks10.1109/TVT.2017.2712878 ↗
15. Uncompressed HD and ultra-HD video streaming using terahertz wireless communications
16. Beyond 5G: THz-based medium access protocol for mobile heterogeneous networks10.1109/MCOM.2018.1700924 ↗
17. 100–340 GHz systems: Transistors and applications
18. Exploiting high millimeter wave bands for military communications, applications, and design10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2911675 ↗
19. Twenty years of terahertz imaging10.1364/OE.26.009417 ↗
20. Wave propagation and channel modeling in chip-scale wireless communications: A survey from millimeter-wave to terahertz and optics10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2961849 ↗
21. Overview of millimeter wave communications for fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks—With a focus on propagation models10.1109/TAP.2017.2734243 ↗
22. Consumption factor and power-efficiency factor: A theory for evaluating the energy efficiency of cascaded communication systems10.1109/JSAC.2014.141204 ↗
23. Fundamental green tradeoffs: Progresses, challenges, and impacts on 5G networks10.1109/COMST.2016.2594120 ↗
24. Consumption factor: A figure of merit for power consumption and energy efficiency in broadband wireless communications
25. Terahertz technologies to deliver optical network quality of experience in wireless systems beyond 5G10.1109/MCOM.2018.1700890 ↗
26. Terahertz band: Next frontier for wireless communications10.1016/j.phycom.2014.01.006 ↗
27. Federal Communications Commission (FCC), “Notice of proposed rulemaking, document (FCC 18-21),” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/FCC-18-21A1.pdf.
28. K. M. S.Huq, S. A.Busari, J.Rodriguez, V.Frascolla, W.Bazzi et al., “Millimeter wave transmission (mWT); applications and use cases of milliimeter wave transmission,” ETSI, sophia antipolis, France, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_gs/mWT/001_099/002/01.01.01_60/gs_mWT002v010101p.pdf.
29. WRC-19 issues: Agenda item 1.15 and the use of 275-450 GHz
30. Spectrum Horizons, “FCC first report and order ET docket 18-21,” March. 2019. [Online]. Available: https://mmwavecoalition.org/docket-18-21/fcc-docket-18-21-spectrum-horizons/.
31. mmWave coalition, mmWave coalition’s NTIA comments. 2020. [Online]. Available: http://mmwavecoalition.org/mmwave-coalitionmillimeter-waves/mmwave-coalitions-ntia-comments/.
32. IEEE standard for high data rate wireless multi-media networks–amendment, 100 Gb/s wireless switched point-to-point physical layer, IEEE standard 802.15.3d-2017 (amendment to IEEE Std 802.15.3-2016 as amended by IEEE Std 802.15.3e-2017), vol. 2, pp. 1–55, 2017.
33. Radio Spectrum Policy Group (RSPG). The Radio Spectrum Policy Group (RSPG) is an organization and high-level advisory group that assists the European Commission in the development of radio spectrum policy, Belgium: Bruxelles. 2020. [Online]. Available: http://rspg-spectrum.eu/.
34. Projection-type see-through holographic three-dimensional display10.1038/ncomms12954 ↗
35. Fog computing for 5G-enabled tactile Internet: Research issues, challenges, and future research directions
36. T. S.Rappaport, “6G and beyond: Terahertz communications and sensing,” brooklyn 5G summit keynote. New York, USA: NYU Wireless Research institute in New York City, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://ieeetv.ieee.org/conference-highlights/keynote-tedrappaport-terahertz-communication-b5gs-2019.
37. The IEEE 1918.1 “Tactile Internet” standards working group and its standards10.1109/JPROC.2018.2885541 ↗
38. Digital twin for metasurface reflector management in 6G terahertz communications10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3003734 ↗
39. Communication through breath: Aerosol transmission10.1109/MCOM.2018.1800530 ↗
40. W.Chappell, “Briefing prepared for T-MUSIC proposer’s day, Defense Adv. Res. Projects Agency (DAPRA),” 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.darpa.mil/attachments/T-MUSIC_Proposers%20Day_Jan30.pdf.
41. Advances in terahertz communications accelerated by photonics technologies
42. Absorption, diffraction and free space path losses modeling for the terahertz band
43. Scalable and energy efficient wireless inter chip interconnection fabrics using THz-band antennas10.1016/j.jpdc.2020.02.002 ↗
44. Latva-aho · Key Drivers and Research Challenges for 6G Ubiquitous Wireless Intelligence · 2019
45. Low-loss planar components for THz wireless communications
46. Ultrareliable and low-latency wireless communication: Tail, risk, and scale10.1109/JPROC.2018.2867029 ↗
47. Model-free ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC): A deep reinforcement learning framework
48. Safe for generations to come: Considerations of safety for millimeter waves in wireless communications10.1109/MMM.2014.2377587 ↗
49. The human body and millimeter-wave wireless communication systems: Interactions and implications
50. Characterizing ionizing radiation exposure after T-cell depleted allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.12.182 ↗
51. Health and safety related aspects regarding the operation of THz emitters
52. Planning 5G networks under EMF constraints: State of the art and vision10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2868347 ↗