Recent Advances in Li Metal Batteries: Focus on Composite Anode Design and Fabrication Strategies

Lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) are widely regarded as promising next‐generation energy storage systems because of their exceptionally high theoretical energy density. However, practical deployment is hindered by the intrinsic instability of Li metal anodes, including dendritic growth, large volume changes, and unstable electrode–electrolyte interfaces, which result in low Coulombic efficiency and limited cycling life. To mitigate these challenges, a range of approaches have been developed, such as separator modification, electrolyte design, artificial interfacial layers, and electrode structural engineering. Among these strategies, three‐dimensional current collectors (3D CCs) have emerged as a key component in composite Li metal anodes, as they can homogenize Li‐ion transport, decrease local current density, and buffer repeated volume variations during cycling. This review focuses on the role of 3D CCs in stabilizing Li metal anodes; summarizes representative fabrication methods including electrochemical deposition, molten Li infusion, vacuum evaporation, and mechanical rolling; and critically discusses the remaining challenges. Finally, design guidelines and future perspectives for scalable manufacturing are proposed, with the aim of closing the gap between laboratory‐scale demonstrations and practical high‐energy‐density Li metal batteries.