Engineering Liposomes for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Targeted Delivery and Regenerative Potential

Neurodegenerative disorders represent a major global health challenge, as current therapeutic approaches predominantly alleviate symptoms rather than restore the function of degenerating neurons. Regenerative medicine offers promising avenues of intervention. However, effective strategies demand advanced delivery systems capable of traversing the central nervous system (CNS). This article examines the potential of liposomal nanocarriers as versatile platforms for both neuroprotection and neuroregeneration. Liposomes provide a flexible modality for CNS drug delivery owing to their favorable physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and capacity to encapsulate diverse therapeutic agents. Their intrinsic ability to interact with the blood–brain barrier positions them as particularly attractive candidates for the targeted delivery of neuroprotective and neurorestorative factors. We highlight recent preclinical and clinical evidence underscoring the importance of liposomal design parameters and administration routes in improving therapeutic outcomes. Through a critical analysis of these design principles within the context of regenerative medicine, this article emphasizes translational considerations as essential steps toward the rational engineering of liposomal systems. Ultimately, the primary objective is to arrest ongoing neurodegeneration, stimulate neuronal regeneration, and redefine the therapeutic landscape of neurodegenerative disease management.