Metal Nanoparticles for Virus Detection

Abstract Viruses are small agents that can infect living creatures and cause harmful diseases. Rapid, sensitive virus detection would be beneficial for public health, and recent studies have shown that nanoparticles may have applications in virus detection. In particular, the unique properties of metal nanoparticles, originating from localized surface plasmons, allow for detection of virus through various methods. Additionally, the high surface‐to‐volume ratio and ease of surface modification of these nanoparticles provide advantages for bio‐applications. In this Focus Review, we describe currently available and recent advances in virus detection methods with metal nanoparticles. First, we outline several features of traditional virus detection methods and provide a brief explanation of metal nanoparticles. Then, we discuss solution‐based or substrate‐based virus detection according to the main operating phase of the detection elements. Finally, we evaluate the use of clinical samples for virus detection with metal nanoparticles.