Application of Nanomaterials in Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

Abstract It is challenging to directly integrate renewable energies into the grid due to the inherent random and intermittent nature. Electrochemical energy storage techniques which can balance the intermittent production and smooth consumption are effective routes to fulfill the highly penetration of renewable energy sources. Among them, redox flow batteries (RFBs) are regarded as promising large‐scale energy storage and conversion devices attributed to the flexible design, long lifetime and high safety. Electrode and ion exchange membrane materials have crucial influences on cell performance of RFBs in terms of efficiency, rate performance, output power density and cyclability. Application of nanomaterials to obtain advanced electrode and membrane materials has prompt improvements of aqueous RFBs. This minireview includes the design, synthesis, and application of nanomaterials in preparation of both electrodes and ion exchange membranes for aqueous RFBs. Furthermore, current challenges and future prospects of application of nanomaterials in aqueous RFBs are outlined. We expect to provide a guide for the fabrication of advanced electrodes and membranes incorporation of nanomaterials towards high performance and low cost RFBs in future.