Biomolecular Noncovalent Glasses: Fabrication Fundamental, Multifunctional Properties, and Emerging Applications

High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Supramolecular glasses, as an emerging class of noncovalently cross-linked amorphous materials, have attracted extensive attention in materials science due to their inherent modular structures and dynamic adaptability. Biomolecular noncovalent glasses (BNGs), constituted from amino acids, peptides, and derivatives through dynamic noncovalent interactions, constitute an emerging class of supramolecular glasses. In this review, we begin by introducing the fundamental amorphous structure and synthesis methods of BNGs. We then summarize the latest advances in understanding their glass formation mechanisms, thermodynamic property, mechanics property, optical property, and biology properties. We also explore their potential applications in photonic and optical engineering, biomedical engineering, and environmental engineering. Finally, we analyze the significant challenges faced in the practical application of BNGs and investigate the potential of developing BNGs through the integration of machine learning and multifunctional hybrid systems. This review aims to draw the scientific community’s attention to BNGs’ research, summarize the latest advances in the field, and promote further development in this area.