Polyphosphate/Hydrophobic Alkane/Polyaldehyde Activated Biodegradable Hemostatic Sponge Adhesive with High Procoagulant and Postoperative Antiadhesion Effects

Excessive blood loss is a key factor in death, while the control of bleeding is still a major clinical and emergency problem. Existing hemostatic materials usually have limited procoagulant properties, are either nondegradable or poorly degradable, and are prone to tissue adhesion. There are still challenges in developing hemostatic materials with efficient procoagulant effects, good degradability, and antitissue adhesion properties. Here, we design a hemostatic sponge adhesive made of polyphosphate-modified oxidized dextran (OD-P) and lauric acid-modified oxidized dextran (OD-L) by directly freeze-drying the mixture of OD-P and OD-L for hemostasis and postoperative antiadhesion. Polyphosphate and lauric acid significantly enhance the procoagulant property of the OD-P/OD-L sponge. The sponge has concentration-dependent mechanical strength and a good adhesion property to biological tissues. Besides, it has good biocompatibility and quick biodegradation without causing serious toxicity. Compared with commercial gelatin sponge, the optimized OD-P/OD-L sponge has much better hemostatic ability due to the combination of procoagulant property and wound sealing effect, showing less blood loss and shorter hemostasis time in animal bleeding models. In addition, the OD-P/OD-L sponge also demonstrates excellent antiadhesion properties in an abdomen-cecum adhesion model. This work provides a facile approach for designing hemostatic materials with integrated hemostasis and antiadhesion properties.