Recent progress in non-destructive magnetic field-based imaging techniques for lithium-ion batteries and future perspectives

Abstract This review provides a comprehensive examination of non‑destructive magnetic field‑based imaging techniques for advanced diagnostics and monitoring of lithium‑ion batteries. Two primary methodological approaches are systematically analyzed: magnetic resonance imaging methods and direct magnetic field imaging techniques, which allow non‑invasive probing of state‑of‑charge, internal current distributions, and structural defects. Through a synthesis of recent advances and a critical evaluation of their capabilities in key areas of battery condition assessment and failure detection, this work aims to consolidate the current landscape of magnetic imaging and highlight its potential to transcend the limitations of conventional monitoring techniques. Furthermore, it identifies prevailing technological barriers and outlines a forward‑looking framework for future research directions, offering insights to guide the continued development of battery state monitoring and fault diagnostic technologies.