MXene and MBene as efficient catalysts for energy conversion: roles of surface, edge and interface

Abstract MXenes and MBenes emerge from a large family of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, and borides and have drawn tremendous attention in recent years. They possess diverse elemental compositions, surface terminations and geometrical structures, and exhibit many fascinating physical and chemical properties. Specifically, these 2D compounds hold great promise for renewable energy applications owing to their superior electrical conductivity, high hydrophility, rich surface chemistry, and outstanding stability. In this perspective, we present a brief overview about the catalytic properties of MXenes, MBenes and MXene based heterostructures for typical electrochemical reactions. The roles of surface, edge and interface of these 2D nanostructures in energy conversion are highlighted from a theoretical point of view. Challenges and outlooks for future research are also outlined.