Hybrid Two-Dimensional Porous Materials

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline materials that consist of metallic clusters and organic ligands with great potential for a diverse range of applications, including but not limited to gas separation and storage, electrocatalysis, water purification, batteries, and supercapacitors. However, their poor conductivity, inaccessible pores, and limited stability hinder their maximum utilization. To overcome these challenges, one solution to this problem is to integrate MOFs with two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as aminoclay, boron nitride, covalent–organic frameworks, graphene derivatives, layered double hydroxides, metal oxides, transition metal dichalcogenides, and transition metal carbides/nitrides, to create emerging multifunctional hybrid two-dimensional porous materials (denoted as H2DPMs) through primary or secondary bonding interactions. These H2DPMs benefit from a rich compositional versatility and tunable properties. Recent efforts have focused on integrating 2D materials with nano MOFs (0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D) to create hybrid materials with enhanced electro- and physicochemical properties, expanding the range of potential applications. H2DPMs have the potential to extract the best of both materials and could be a lucrative option for developing advanced materials. In this Perspective, we discuss the synthesis strategies, properties, challenges, and potential applications of H2DPMs materials. We also discuss the challenges and future directions for hybridizing of MOFs with 2D materials.